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LGBTQ rights in the Americas

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LGBTQ rights in the Americas
Status of same-sex marriage and other types of same-sex partnerships in the Americas.
  Same-sex marriage1
  Other type of registered partnership1
  Limited domestic recognition1
  Foreign marriages recognized for residency only
  Unrecognized
  Constitution restricts marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Unenforced ban on same-sex sexual activity
1May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet.
Legal statusLegal in 30 out of 35 states; equal age of consent in 27 out of 35 states
Legal in all 21 territories; equal age of consent in 16 out of 21 territories
Gender identityLegal in 14 out of 35 states
Legal in 8 out of 21 territories
MilitaryAllowed to serve openly in 14 out of 29 states that have an army
Allowed in all 21 territories
Discrimination protectionsProtected in 23 out of 35 states
Protected in 14 out of 21 territories
Family rights
Recognition of relationshipsRecognized in 12 out of 35 states
Recognized in 18 out of 21 territories
RestrictionsSame-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 7 out of 35 states
AdoptionLegal in 8 out of 35 states
Legal in 13 out of 21 territories

Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) rights are complex and diverse in the Americas, and acceptance ofLGBTQ persons varies widely.

Same-sex marriages are currently legal inArgentina,Brazil,Canada,Chile,Colombia,Costa Rica,Cuba,Ecuador,Mexico,United States andUruguay. Free unions that are equivalent to marriage have begun to be recognized inBolivia. Among non-independent states, same-sex marriage is also legal inGreenland, theBritish Overseas Territories of theFalkland Islands andSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, all French territories (Guadeloupe,Martinique,Saint Barthélemy,French Guiana,Saint Martin, andSaint Pierre and Miquelon), and in theCaribbean Netherlands,Aruba, andCuraçao, while marriages performed in theNetherlands are recognised inSint Maarten. More than 800 million people live in nations or sub-national entities in the Americas where same-sex marriages are available.

On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that states party to the American Convention on Human Rights should grant same-sex couples accession to all existing domestic legal systems of family registration, including marriage, along with all rights that derive from marriage.[1] The Supreme Courts of Honduras,[2] Panama,[3] Peru[4] and Suriname[5] have rejected the IACHR advisory opinion, while the Supreme Courts of Costa Rica and Ecuador adhered to it.Argentina,Brazil,Colombia, andUruguay are also under the court's jurisdiction, but already had same-sex marriage before the ruling was handed down.

However, five other nations still have unenforced criminal penalties for "buggery" on their statute books.[6] These areGrenada,Guyana,Jamaica,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, andTrinidad and Tobago of which Guyana is on mainland South America, while the rest areCaribbean islands. They are all former parts of theBritish West Indies. In addition, inAnguilla,the Bahamas,the Cayman Islands,Paraguay,Montserrat,Suriname andthe Turks and Caicos Islands, the age of consent is higher for same-sex sexual relations than for opposite-sex ones, and inBermuda, the age of consent for anal sex is higher than that for other types of sexual activities.

Religion and LGBT acceptance

[edit]

TheBritish,French,Spanish andPortuguese colonists, who settled most of the Americas, broughtChristianity fromEurope. In particular, theRoman Catholic Church and the Protestants, both of which oppose legal recognition of homosexual relationships. These were followed by theEastern Orthodox church,[7] theMethodist Church,[8][9] and some otherMainline (Protestant) denominations, such as theReformed Church in America[10] and theAmerican Baptist Church,[11] as well asconservative evangelical organizations and churches, such as theEvangelical Alliance and theSouthern Baptist Convention.[12][13][14]Pentecostal churches, such as theAssemblies of God,[15] as well asrestorationist churches (likeJehovah's Witnesses andMormons), also take the position that homosexual sexual activity is ‘sinful’.[16][17]

However, other denominations have become more accepting of LGBT people in recent decades, including theEpiscopalian church in the United States, theEvangelical Lutheran Church (also in America), theEvangelical Lutheran Church of Canada, theAnglican Church of Canada, theUnited Church of Canada, theUnited Church of Christ, theUnitarian Universalist Association, and theSociety of Friends (Quakers), as well as some congregations of thePresbyterian Church in America. Most of these denominations now perform same-sex weddings or blessings. Furthermore, many churches in the United Methodist Church (in the US) are choosing to officiate and bless same-sex marriage despite denomination-wide restrictions.[18] In addition, in the United States,conservative Judaism,reform Judaism, andreconstructionist Judaism now welcome LGBT worshippers and perform same-sex weddings.

  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex adoption nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex adoption is legal in certain parts of the country
  Indicates that the country has step-child adoption or partner-guardianship
Opinion polls for same-sex adoption in Americas
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstDon't Know/Neutral/No answer/Other
ArgentinaIpsos202371%[19]24%6%
BrazilIpsos202369%[19]22%9%
CanadaIpsos202374%[19]17%9%
ChileCADEM202270%[20]28%2%
ColombiaIpsos202353%[19]40%7%
MexicoIpsos202360%[19]34%6%
PeruIpsos202351%[19]42%7%
United StatesIpsos202364%[19]26%10%
UruguayEquipos Consultores201352%[21]39%9%
VenezuelaEquilibrium Cende202348%[22]
(55%)		39%
(45%)		13%
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Country subject toIACHR advisory opinion
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Country subject toIACHR advisory opinion
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but law not enforced
Recognition of same-sex unions in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico
  Same-sex marriage
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Island subject toIACHR advisory opinion
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but penalties not enforced

Legislation by country or territory

Main article:LGBTQ rights by country or territory
Tables:

North America

[edit]
LGBTQ rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGBT people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
BermudaBermuda
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 1994; equal age of consent since 2019
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesDomestic partnerships since 2018[24]NoWas legal between November 2018 and March 2022 and between May 2017 and June 2018Yes Legal since 2015[25]Yes UK responsible for defenceNo Bansall anti-gay discrimination[26]No
CanadaCanadaYes Legal since 1969; equal age of consent since 1987
+ UN decl. sign.[23][27]		Yes Domestic partnerships inNova Scotia (2001);[28]
Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[29]
Adult interdependent relationships inAlberta (2003);[30]
Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[31]		YesLegal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005[32]Yes Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011[33]Yes Since 1992[34]; Includes transgender people[35]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination.Ban on conversion therapy since 2022 nationwideYes/No Transgender people can change their gender and name withoutcompletion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017.[36][37][38][39] Gender identity change is not recognized for the purpose of inheritance ofhereditary peerages and baronetcies, which is subject to Section 16 of the United Kingdom'sGender Recognition Act 2004.
GreenlandGreenland
(Autonomous Territory within theKingdom of Denmark)		Yes Legal since 1933; equal age of consent since 1977
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[40]Yes Legal since 2016Yes Stepchild adoption since 2009;[41]
joint adoption since 2016[42]		Yes TheKingdom of Denmark responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[23]Yes Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[43][44]
MexicoMexicoYes Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes/NoCivil unions inMexico City (2007),Coahuila (2007),[45]Colima (between 2013 and 2016),[46]Campeche (2013),[47]Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018),[48]Michoacán (2015),Tlaxcala (2017), andVeracruz (2020)YesStarting in 2010; nationwide since 2022Yes/No Legal in Mexico City (2010),[49] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Jalisco (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Aguascalientes (2018), San Luis Potosi (2019), Hidalgo (2019), Yucatán (2021), Nayarit (2022), Quintana Roo (2022), Baja California Sur (2022), Zacatecas (2023), Tabasco (2024), Durango, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León (the latter three never had adoption bans)[50][51] (ambiguous)Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[52]Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Mexico City (2020), México (2020), Baja California Sur (2020), Colima (2021), Tlaxcala (2021), Oaxaca (2021), Yucatán (2021), Zacatecas (2021), Baja California (2022), Hidalgo (2022), Jalisco (2022), Puebla (2022), Sonora (2022), Nuevo León (2022), Querétaro (2023), Sinaloa (2023), Quintana Roo (2023), Morelos (2023), Guerrero (2024), Michoacán (2024), and nationwide (2024).Yes/No Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),[53] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Baja California (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021), México (2021), Morelos (2021), Sinaloa (2022), Zacatecas (2022), Durango (2023), Yucatán (2024), Campeche (2024), and Tabasco (2025)..[54]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity ofFrance)		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesCivil solidarity pact since 1999[55]Yes Legal since 2013[56]Yes Legal since 2013[57]YesYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[58]Yes Under French law[59]
United StatesUnited StatesYesLegal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesDomestic partnerships inCalifornia (1999), theDistrict of Columbia (2002),Maine (2004),Washington (2007),Maryland (2008),Oregon (2008),Nevada (2009) andWisconsin (2009).
Civil unions inVermont (2000),Connecticut (2005),New Jersey (2007),New Hampshire (2008),Illinois (2011),Rhode Island (2011),Delaware (2012),Hawaii (2012) andColorado (2013).		YesLegal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015YesLegal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016Yes/No Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals have been allowed to serve openly in theU.S. military since 2011, following therepeal of theDon't Ask, Don't Tell policy.
Transgender people previously allowed to serve openly,[60] but restrictions have been placed on those with a history ofgender dysphoria.[61]
"Transvestites" are currently banned from the military since2012.[62]
Most openlyIntersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of "hermaphrodites".[62]		Yes/No Employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation isprohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in23 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Conversion therapy for minors isbanned in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Sexual orientation iscovered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.		Yes/No Gender X became available and recognized formally onUS passports in April 2022.[63] This was rescinded in 2025 at the beginning of president Trump's second term;[64] however, a court order in June 2025 put the former policy allowing "X"-gender markers back into effect.[65][66] Gender change is legal onbirth certificates (under varying conditions by state),in 48 states + DC.
Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances,in 25 states + DC.
Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity isprohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in22 states, DC, and some municipalities.

Central America

[edit]
LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGBT people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
BelizeBelizeYes Legal since 2016[67]NoNoNoYesYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[68][69][70]No[71]
Costa RicaCosta RicaYes Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 2014[72][73]Yes Legal since 2020Yes Legal since 2020[74]Has no militaryYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[23]Yes/No Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018. Legal gender cannot be changed. Sex indicator removed from all ID cards issued since May 2018[75][76][77] One-time sex change allowed for passports.[78]
El SalvadorEl SalvadorYes Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoYes[79][80]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[79]No[81] Bans discrimination based on gender identity.
GuatemalaGuatemalaYes Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		No PendingNoNoYes Bans some anti-gay discriminationNo[82]
HondurasHondurasYes Legal since 1899
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		No Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005No Constitutional ban since 2005;[83][84] court decision pendingNo Constitutional ban since 2005NoYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[85]No
NicaraguaNicaraguaYes Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[23]No
PanamaPanamaYes Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		No Court decision pendingNo Court decision pendingNo Court decision pendingHas no militaryYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[86][87]Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name aftercompletion of medical intervention since 2006[88][89]

Caribbean

[edit]
Main article:LGBTQ rights in the Caribbean
LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGBT people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
AnguillaAnguilla
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoYes UK responsible for defenceYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[90]
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and BarbudaYes Legal since 2022NoNoNoYesYes Bansall anti-gay discriminationNo
ArubaAruba
(Constituent country of theKingdom of the Netherlands)		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Registered partnerships since 2021[91]Yes[92]YesYes TheNetherlands responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[93]
The BahamasBahamasYes Legal since 1991;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoYes[94]Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[95]No
BarbadosBarbadosYes Legal since 2022.No/Yes Foreign Domestic Partnerships recognized for immigration purposes "Welcome Stamp"[96]NoNoYesYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[97]No
BonaireBonaire
(a special municipality of theNetherlands)		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Registered partnerships since 2012[98]Yes Legal since 2012[99]Yes[100]Yes TheNetherlands responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[101]Yes
British Virgin IslandsBritish Virgin Islands
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoYes UK responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[102]No
Cayman IslandsCayman Islands
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 2001;
Age of consent discrepancy[23]
+ UN decl. sign.		Yes Civil partnerships since 2020[103]NoYes Legal since 2020Yes UK responsible for defenceYes Bans some anti-gay discriminationNo
CubaCubaYes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		 Legal since 2022 Legal since 2022 Legal since 2022Yes[23][104]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[105][106][107]Yes Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations[108]
CuraçaoCuraçao
(Constituent country of theKingdom of the Netherlands)		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesYes[92]YesYes TheNetherlands responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[109]
DominicaDominicaYes Legal since 2024[110]
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoHas no militaryYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[111]No
Dominican RepublicDominican RepublicYes Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNo Constitutional ban since 2010[112]NoYes Since 2025[113]Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[114]No
GrenadaGrenadaNo Male illegal since 1987
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (not enforced).[115] Legalization proposed[116]
Yes Female always legal[23]		NoNoNoHas no militaryYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[117]No
GuadeloupeGuadeloupe
(Overseas department ofFrance)		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesCivil solidarity pact since 1999[55]Yes Legal since 2013[56]Yes Legal since 2013[57]Yes France responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[58]Yes Under French law[59]
HaitiHaitiYes Legal since 1791 (asSaint-Domingue)[23]NoNoNoHas no militaryYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[118]No
JamaicaJamaicaNo Male illegal since 1864
Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed[119]
Yes Female always legal.[23]		NoNo Constitutional ban since 2011NoNoYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[120]No
MartiniqueMartinique
(Overseas department ofFrance)		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesCivil solidarity pact since 1999[55]Yes Legal since 2013[56]Yes Legal since 2013[57]Yes France responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[58]Yes Under French law[59]
MontserratMontserrat
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoYes UK responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[121]
Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
(Commonwealth of theUnited States)		Yes Legal since 2003Yes Legal since 2015Yes Legal since 2015[122]Yes Legal since 2015Yes United States responsible for defense[123][124]Yes Bans some anti-gay discriminationYes Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery
Saba (island)Saba
(a special municipality of theNetherlands)		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Registered partnerships since 2012[98]Yes Legal since 2012[99]Yes[100]Yes TheNetherlands responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[101]Yes[125]
Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity ofFrance)		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesCivil solidarity pact since 1999[55]Yes Legal since 2013[56]Yes Legal since 2013[57]Yes France responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[58]Yes Under French law[59]
Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and NevisYes Legal since 2022NoNoNoYesYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Saint LuciaSaint LuciaYes Legal since 2025NoNoNoHas no militaryYes Bans some anti-gay discriminationNo
Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity ofFrance)		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesCivil solidarity pact since 1999[55]Yes Legal since 2013[56]Yes Legal since 2013[57]Yes France responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[58]Yes Under French law[59]
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesNo Illegal since 1989
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[23] Legalization proposed[126]		NoNoNoHas no militaryYes Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Sint EustatiusSint Eustatius
(a special municipality of theNetherlands)		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Registered partnerships since 2012[98]Yes Legal since 2012[99]Yes[100]Yes TheNetherlands responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[101]Yes
Sint MaartenSint Maarten
(Constituent country of theKingdom of the Netherlands)		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNo/Yes Same-sex marriages performed in theNetherlands recognized[127]NoYes TheNetherlands responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[128]
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and TobagoNo Male illegal since 2025
Penalty: Up to 5-year prison sentence (not enforced, Court of Appeal ruling that reinstated buggery and gross indecency laws; previously struck down by lower court in 2018; appeal to Privy Council pending.)
Yes Female always legal[129]		NoNoNoNoYes Bans some anti-gay discriminationNo
Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		NoNoNoYes UK responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[23]Yes[130]/No Gender identity change is not recognized for the purpose of inheritance ofhereditary peerages and baronetcies, which is subject to Section 16 of the United Kingdom'sGender Recognition Act 2004.
United States Virgin IslandsUnited States Virgin Islands
(Territory of theUnited States)		Yes Legal since 1985Yes Legal since 2015[131]Yes Legal since 2015[131]Yes Legal since 2015[131]Yes United States responsible for defense[123][124]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[132]Yes Legislation enacted in 2022, also explicitly includes gender identity.[132]

South America

[edit]
LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGBT people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
ArgentinaArgentinaYes Legal since 1887
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Civil unions inBuenos Aires (2003),[133]Río Negro Province (2003),[134]Villa Carlos Paz (2007) andRío Cuarto (2009)
Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[135]		Yes Legal since 2010[136]Yes Legal since 2010Yes Since 2009[137]Yes/No Legal protection in some cities;[138]
pending nationwide.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010		Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012[139]

Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina's public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors.[140]

BoliviaBoliviaYes Legal since 1832
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesFree unions officially recognised starting in 2020; nationwide since 2023.[141]No Constitutional ban since 2009[142]Yes Same-sex couples in a free union are permitted to adopt[143]Yes Since 2015[144][145][146]; Includes transgender people[35]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[23]Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016[147][148][149]
BrazilBrazilYes Legal since 1830
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes "Stable unions" legal and all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011[150][151]Yes Starting in 2011; nationwide since 2013[152][153]YesLegal since 2010[154]YesSince 1969[155]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination.[156]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[157][158]		Yes Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018. The sex reassignment surgery, hormonal and psychological treatment are offered free of charge by the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS)[159][160][161]
ChileChileYes Legal since 1999; equal age of consent since 2022
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Civil unions since 2015[162]Yes Legal since 2022[163]Yes Legal since 2022[163]Yes Since 2012[164]; Includes transgender people[165]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[166]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021		Yes Transsexual persons can change their registral sex and name since 1974.
Transgender persons can change their registral sex and name, no surgeries or judicial order for adults above 18 years old since 2019.[167]
ColombiaColombiaYes Legal since 1981
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes De facto marital union since 2007[168]Yes Legal since 2016[169][170]Yes Stepchild adoption since 2014;[171] joint adoption since 2015[172]Yes Since 1999[23]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[173]Yes Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notary, no surgeries or judicial order required[174]
EcuadorEcuadorYes Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes De facto unions since 2009[175][176]Yes Legal since 2019[177]No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[178][179]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination.[180]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014		Yes Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required[181][182]
Falkland IslandsFalkland Islands
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 1989; equal age of consent since 2006
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Civil partnerships since 2017[183]Yes Legal since 2017[183]Yes Legal since 2017Yes UK responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[184]No
French GuianaFrench Guiana
(Overseas department ofFrance)		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		YesCivil solidarity pact since 1999[55]Yes Legal since 2013[56]Yes Legal since 2013[57]Yes France responsible for defenceYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[58]Yes Under French law[59]
GuyanaGuyanaNo Male illegal since 1893
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[23] Legalization proposed[185]
Yes Female always legal[129]		NoNo[186]Yes[187]Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[188]No[189]
ParaguayParaguayYes Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		No Constitutional ban onde facto unions since 1992[190]No Constitutional ban since 1992[191]NoYes[192]Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2022		No
PeruPeruYes Legal since 1924; equal age of consent since 2012
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		No/Yes Limited recognition for same-sex partners of health-care workers since 2020.NoNoYes Since 2009[193]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[194][195][196][197][198]Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for thecompletion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required.[199][200]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
(Overseas Territory of theUnited Kingdom)		Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.		Yes Legal since 2014[201]Yes Legal since 2014[201]Yes UK responsible for defenceYes Bans some anti-gay discriminationNo
SurinameSurinameYes Legal since 1869 (asDutch Guiana)NoYes Since 13 February 2025, Court recognizes 2 same-sex marriages performed abroadNoYes Bansall anti-gay discrimination[202]Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender since 2022. Court order required.[203][204][205]
UruguayUruguayYes Legal since 1934
+ UN decl. sign.[23]		Yes Concubinage union since 2008[206]Yes Legal since 2013[207]Yes Legal since 2009[208]Yes Since 2009[209]Yes Bansall anti-gay discrimination.[210]Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009.[211] Self-determination since 2018.
VenezuelaVenezuelaYes Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[212]		No Constitutional ban onde facto stable unions since 1999No Constitutional ban since 1999NoYes Since 2023[213]Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[23]No


Public opinion

[edit]

Same-sex marriage

[edit]
  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex marriage nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex marriage is legal in certain parts of the country
  Indicates that the country has civil unions or registered partnerships
  Indicates that same-sex sexual activity is illegal
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by country
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstNeutral[a]Margin
of error		Source
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and BarbudaAmericasBarometer201712%--[214]
ArgentinaArgentinaIpsos202370%
16% [8% support some rights]
14% not sure±3.5%[215]
ArubaAruba202146%[216]
The BahamasBahamasAmericasBarometer201411%--[217]
BelizeBelizeAmericasBarometer20148%--[217]
BoliviaBoliviaAmericasBarometer201735%--[214]
BrazilBrazilIpsos202351%
29% [15% support some rights]
20% not sure±3.5%[b][215]
CanadaCanadaIpsos202369%
17% [7% support some rights]
15% not sure±3.5%[215]
ChileChileIpsos202365%
24% [18% support some rights]
12%±3.5%[215]
ColombiaColombiaIpsos202349%33% [21% support some rights]
18%[215]
Costa RicaCosta RicaCIEP201835%64%1%[218]
CubaCubaGallup201963.1%36.9%[219]
DominicaDominicaAmericasBarometer201710%--[214]
Dominican RepublicDominican RepublicCDN 37201845%55%-[220]
EcuadorEcuadorAmericasBarometer201922.9%51.3%25.8%[221]
El SalvadorEl SalvadorUniversidad Francisco Gavidia202182.5%[222]
GrenadaGrenadaAmericasBarometer201712%--[214]
GuatemalaGuatemalaAmericasBarometer201723%--[214]
GuyanaGuyanaAmericasBarometer201721%--[217]
HaitiHaitiAmericasBarometer20175%--[214]
HondurasHondurasCID Gallup201817%75%8%[223]
JamaicaJamaicaAmericasBarometer201716%--[214]
MexicoMexicoIpsos202358%
28% [17% support some rights]
14% not sure±4.8%[b][215]
NicaraguaNicaraguaAmericasBarometer201725%--[214]
PanamaPanamaAmericasBarometer201722%--[214]
ParaguayParaguayAmericasBarometer201726%--[214]
PeruPeruIpsos202341%40% [24% support some rights]
19%±3.5%[b][215]
Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and NevisAmericasBarometer20179%--[214]
Saint LuciaSaint LuciaAmericasBarometer201711%--[214]
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesAmericasBarometer20174%--[214]
SurinameSurinameAmericasBarometer201418%--[217]
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and TobagoAmericasBarometer201416%--[217]
United StatesUnited StatesMarquette202272%
28%
–[224]
Selzer202274%
(83%)		13%
(17%)		13% not sure[225][226]
Quinnipiac202268%
(77%)		22%
(23%)		10%[227]
Ipsos202354%
31% [14% support some rights]
15% not sure±3.5%[215]
UruguayUruguayEquipos Consultores201959%28%13%[228]
VenezuelaVenezuelaEquilibrium Cende202355%
(63%)		32%
(37%)		13%[229]
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by dependent territory and sub-national entities
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstNeutral[a]Margin
of error		Source
AguascalientesAguascalientesINEGI2017-35.9%-[230]
Baja CaliforniaBaja CaliforniaINEGI2017-30.7%-[230]
Baja California Sur Baja California SurINEGI2017-42.1%-[230]
BermudaBermudaOUTBermuda202053%35%11%[231]
CampecheCampecheINEGI2017-56.1%-[230]
ChiapasChiapasINEGI2017-58.7%-[230]
Chihuahua (state)ChihuahuaINEGI2017-36.4%-[230]
CoahuilaCoahuilaINEGI2017-46.8%-[230]
ColimaColimaINEGI2017-39.2%-[230]
DurangoDurangoINEGI2017-38.8%-[230]
GuanajuatoGuanajuatoINEGI2017-38.7%-[230]
GuerreroGuerreroINEGI2017-54%-[230]
Hidalgo (state)HidalgoINEGI2017-41.7%-[230]
JaliscoJaliscoINEGI2017-34.2%-[230]
Mexico CityMexico CityINEGI2017-28.6%-[230]
Michoacán MichoacánINEGI2017-46%-[230]
Morelos MorelosINEGI2017-38.5%-[230]
NayaritNayaritINEGI2017-38.8%-[230]
Nuevo León Nuevo LeónINEGI2017-44.4%-[230]
OaxacaOaxacaINEGI2017-52.2%-[230]
PueblaPueblaINEGI2017-37.1%-[230]
Puerto RicoPuerto RicoPew Research Center201433%55%12%[232]
QuerétaroQuerétaroINEGI2017-32.4%-[230]
Quintana Roo Quintana RooINEGI2017-37.9%-[230]
San Luis Potosí San Luis PotosíINEGI2017-38.6%-[230]
Sinaloa SinaloaINEGI2017-37.7%-[230]
SonoraSonoraINEGI2017-31.4%-[230]
State of MexicoState of MexicoINEGI2017-33.8%-[230]
TabascoTabascoINEGI2017-56.5%-[230]
Tamaulipas TamaulipasINEGI2017-44.4%-[230]
Tlaxcala TlaxcalaINEGI2017-43.9%-[230]
Veracruz VeracruzINEGI2017-54.3%-[230]
YucatánYucatánINEGI2017-43%-[230]
ZacatecasZacatecasINEGI2017-37.4%-[230]


See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abAlso comprises: Don't know; No answer; Other; Refused.
  2. ^abc[+ more urban/educated than representative]

References

[edit]
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Corrales, J. (2021).The Politics of LGBT Rights Expansion in Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press.
  • Díez, Jordi.The politics of gay marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
  • Dion, Michelle L., and Jordi Díez. "Democratic values, religiosity, and support for same-sex marriage in Latin America."Latin American Politics and Society 59.4 (2017): 75–98.
  • Encarnación, Omar G. "Latin America's gay rights revolution."Journal of Democracy 22.2 (2011): 104–118.
  • Encarnación, Omar Guillermo.Out in the periphery: Latin America's gay rights revolution (Oxford University Press, 2016).
  • Navarro, María Camila, et al. "Tolerance of Homosexuality in South American Countries: A Multilevel Analysis of Related Individual and Sociocultural Factors."International Journal of Sexual Health (2019): 1–12.
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