This is a list of important events relating to theLGBTQ community from 1801 to 1900. The earliest published studies of lesbian activity were written in the early 19th century.

• The last recorded state sanctioned execution for male same-sexsodomy occurs in theBatavian Commonwealth and continental Europe.^[1]

• One of the early knownsame-sex couples in American history, Vermont residentsCharity Bryant andSylvia Drake, begin their relationship.^[2] This couple is most strongly documented in historianRachel Hope Cleves' 2014 bookCharity and Sylvia: A Same-Sex Marriage in Early America.^[2]
• TheDuchy of Warsaw is created, re-legalizing same-sex sexual intercourse.^[3]

• TheNetherlands abolished laws criminalizing homosexual conduct.^[4]

• TheKingdom of Bavaria abolishes laws criminalizing homosexual conduct between consenting adults.^[5]

• The term "crime against nature" first used in thecriminal code in the United States.

• TheDuchy of Warsaw is annexed between theKingdom of Prussia and theRussian Empire, thus re-criminalizing same-sex sexual intercourse in Prussian annexed territory.^[3]

• The Dominican Republic decriminalizes homosexuality.^[6]
• El Salvador decriminalizes homosexuality.^[7]

• 28 October – TheMarquis de Custine is beaten and left for dead after propositioning a male soldier inSaint-Denis. The scandal forces himout of the closet, but he recovers and lives the rest of his life as an open 'sodomite' with his partner Edward St. Barbe. Custine maintains a successful social life in Paris.^[8]

• Empire of Brazil decriminalizes homosexuality.^[9]

• TheRussian Empire criminalizesmuzhelozhstvo, which courts interpret to mean anal sex between men, under Article 995 of the criminal code. Men convicted were stripped of their legal rights and sent toSiberia for four to five years.^[10]
• Bolivia decriminalizes homosexuality.^[11]

• For the first time in history, homosexuality becomes illegal inCongress Poland, Russian part of the Poland acquired after thePartitions of Poland after it became part of the Russian Empire.
• The last known execution for homosexuality in Great Britain.James Pratt and John Smith are hanged atNewgate prison, London after being caught together in private lodgings^[12]

• Hannover abolishes laws criminalizing homosexual conduct between consenting adults.^[5]

• Leona Florentino was born in Spanish-colonizedPhilippines, beginning her literary career which would kickstart feminism against the Spanish-imposed patriarchy in the region and the writing of the archipelago's foundational lesbian literature.^[13][14][15]

• Portugal decriminalizes homosexual acts.^[16]

• Argentina decriminalizes homosexuality.

• The first known reference to lesbians inMormon history occurred in 1856, when aSalt Lake man noted in his diary that a Mormon woman was "trying to seduce a young girl".^[17]

• TheOttoman Empire (predecessor of Turkey)decriminalizes homosexuality during itsTanzimat reform period.^[18]

• In England, theOffences against the Person Act 1861 is amended to remove the death sentence for "buggery" (which had not been used since 1836). The penalty became imprisonment from 10 years to life.

• San Marino decriminalizes homosexuality.

• 29 August —Karl Heinrich Ulrichs became the first homosexual to speak out publicly in defence of homosexuality when he pleaded at the Congress of German Jurists inMunich for a resolution urging the repeal of anti-homosexual laws. He was shouted down. In an interview,Robert Beachy said "I think it is reasonable to describe [Ulrichs] as the first gay person to publicly out himself."^[19]

• A German pamphlet by the Austrian-born novelistKarl-Maria Kertbeny (1824–1882), published anonymously,^[20] arguing against aPrussian anti-sodomy law contains the first known use of the word "homosexual" in print.^[21]
• Homosexuality is decriminalised inSuriname.^[22]

• Joseph and His Friend: A Story of Pennsylvania is published, possibly the first American novel about a homosexual relationship.

• Homosexuality is criminalized throughout theGerman Empire byParagraph 175 of the Reich Criminal Code. It made homosexual acts between males a crime, and in early revisions the provision also criminalizedbestiality. TheNazis broadened the law in 1935; in the prosecutions that followed,thousands died in Nazi concentration camps. It was repealed on 10 March 1994.
• Guatemala decriminalizes homosexuality.
• Mexico decriminalizes homosexuality.

• TheEmpire of Japan decriminalized homosexual acts (anal sodomy), having only made them illegal during the early years of theMeiji Restoration
• Paraguay decriminalizes homosexuality.

• In the United Kingdom, theCriminal Law Amendment Act 1885, whoseLabouchere Amendment (Clause 11) outlaws oral sex between men—but not women—is given royal assent byQueen Victoria. A popular legend claims that Victoria struck references to lesbianism from the Act because of her refusal to believe that women "did such things"; in reality, they had simply never been mentioned in the Act. Clause 11 reads:

Any male person who, in public or private, commits, or is a party to the commission of, or procures or attempts to procure the commission by any male person of, any act of gross indecency with another male person, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and being convicted thereof shall be liable at the discretion of the court to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding two years, with or without hard labour.

Buggery, or anal sex between men, was already illegal.

• We'wha, alhamana of theZuni tribe, begins a six-month stay in Washington, D.C., during which time they call upon PresidentGrover Cleveland.^[23]
• In England, theCriminal Law Amendment Act 1885, outlawing sexual relations between men (but not between women) is givenroyal assent byQueen Victoria.
• Portugal re-criminalizes homosexual acts.

• TheCleveland Street Scandal erupts in England.

• Homosexuality is legalized inItaly through the creation of theCodice Zanardelli.
• Homosexuality is legalized inthe Vatican, which at the time was under the jurisdiction of Italy.^[24]

• The words "bisexual" and "heterosexual" are first used in English in their current senses in Charles Gilbert Chaddock's translation of Kraft-Ebing'sPsychopathia Sexualis.

• Popular, openly bisexual poetEdna St. Vincent Millay is born on 22 February.

• Biologist and pioneer of human sexualityAlfred Kinsey is born on 23 June.

• The trial ofOscar Wilde results in his being prosecuted under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 for "gross indecency" and sentenced to two years hard labor in prison.
• In Brazil,Adolfo Caminha publishes his controversial novelBom-Crioulo (in English:The Black Man and the Cabin Boy) with homosexuality at its center and with a Black man as the story's hero.

• December —Magnus Hirschfeld petitions theReichstag to abolishParagraph 175, the first salvo in a lifelong campaign for repeal.^[5]
• George Cecil Ives organizes the first homosexual rights group in England, theOrder of Chaeronea.

• Honduras decriminalizes homosexuality.^[25]

• Timeline of LGBT history – timeline of events from 12,000 BCE to present
• LGBT rights by country or territory – current legal status around the world
• LGBT social movements
• Timeline of LGBT history, 20th century
• Timeline of LGBT history, 21st century
• Timeline of transgender history

Wikimedia Commons has media related toLGBT history in the 19th century.

• Miller, Neil (1995).Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. New York, Vintage Books.ISBN 0-09-957691-0.

• 19th century in LGBTQ history
• 19th century in politics
• LGBTQ rights by year
• 19th-century timelines
• LGBTQ timelines

• Webarchive template wayback links
• Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Commons category link from Wikidata
• Articles containing French-language text