Láng Ward Phường Láng | |
|---|---|
     From top, left to right : Chiêu Thiền Pagoda, Indira Gandhi Park, Âu Cơ Art Center, Thành Công Lake, and Láng Metro Station. | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Region | Red River Delta |
| Municipality | Hà Nội |
| Establishment | July 1, 2025[note 1] (ward) |
| Central hall | No.79A, 25th Alley, Vũ Ngọc Phan Street, Láng Ward[1] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Ward-level authority |
| • People Committee's Chairman | Nguyễn Thanh Tùng[1] |
| • People Council's Chairman | Nguyễn Hồng Dân[1] |
| • Front Committee's Chairman | Nguyễn Thị Thanh Yên[1] |
| • Party Committee's Secretary | Nguyễn Hồng Dân[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 1.88 km2 (0.73 sq mi) |
| Population (July 1, 2025)[1] | |
• Total | 61,135 |
| • Density | 32,500/km2 (84,200/sq mi) |
| • Ethnicities | Kinh Tanka Others |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Indochina Time) |
| ZIP code | 10000–11512[note 2] |
| Climate | Cwa |
| Website | Lang.Hanoi.gov.vn Lang.Hanoi.dcs.vn |
Láng [laːŋ˧˥] is award ofHanoi the capital city in theRed River Delta of Vietnam.[2]
According toĐại Việt sử ký toàn thư, EmperorThần Võ issued anedict around 1070 to build Ứng Thiên Temple at the bank ofTô Lịch River, to worship a saint called Linh Lang Prince.[3] Accordingly, "linh lang" means "miracle wave" in theMiddle-age Annamese language. Both the name and time are considered by the people of Hanoi as the starting landmark for the entire history of Láng Ward.
At the time when theFrench Far East Expeditionary Corps (CEFEO) had just completed theconquest of Tonkin (1883), the area of modern ward is a small village called Yên Lãng,[note 3] or a continuous way as Kẻ Láng.[note 4] The village was located on the left bank of the Tô Lịch, which has always belonged to Yên Lãng Commune (xã Yên Lãng),Vĩnh Thuận Rural District, Hoài Đức Canton,Hà Nội Province of the ImperialAnnam. Yên Lãng included three hamlets : Láng Thượng, Láng Trung, and Láng Hạ.[note 5]
During the first administrative reform of theGovernment of French Tonkin (1900–02), the entire area ofHoài Đức Canton was transferred toHà Đông Province. Therefore, Yên Lãng automatically became the boundary between Hà Nội City and Hà Đông Province. By 1940, theGovernment of French Indochina has licensed theTonkin Infantry Regiment to build a barracks called Láng Fortress (pháo đài Láng) to defend the southwestern part of urban Hanoi.[note 6]
When theSecond Government of the Imperial Vietnam has just established (June 12, 1945), Yên Lãng Commune was dissolved to form a number of Hanoian wards. They have created the southern part ofDistrict 1 and the western one ofĐống Đa District. Specifically : Ngọc Khánh of Dist. 1, Núi Trúc and Yên Lãng of Đống Đa.
At 20 o'clock[note 7] on December 19, 1946, the cannon from Láng Fortress firing intoSofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi became the command to open theResistance War of the entireVietnamese nation. However, immediately after the French Forces re-captured theTonkin Palace in late December,Viet Minh guerrilla groups were forced to withdraw to the southern neighborhoods, where the population density was more crowded.[note 8] That led to the formation of the "Trúc–Lãng special zone" (đặc khu Trúc–Lãng), which marked the establishment of theCapital Regiment[note 9], the first formal unit of theNational Defense Army.
When the government of theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam was re-established (1955), Yên Lãng was split into two new wards Láng Thượng and Láng Hạ, both in Đống Đa Urban District.
According to Project 369/ĐA-CP of theGovernment of Vietnam dated May 9,[2] and Resolution 1656/NQ-UBTVQH15 of theNational Assembly Standing Committee dated June 16,[4] 2025, on the re-arrangement ofward-level administrative units inHanoi, Láng Ward (phường Láng) has been officially established on the basis of the area and demography from parts of someurban districts, which has just been dissolved by theplan for re-organising and merging administrative units. Specifically:
Its nameLáng has been determined by the Hanoi City People's Committee to avoid confusion withYên Lãng Commune which has a longer origin and also more cultural meanings, belonging to the rural Hanoi.
Láng area is known by the relic cluster related to Linh Lang Prince (or called Water Spirit), including : Temple of White Horse,[5] (Láng Thượng Street), Cảm Ứng Temple and Linh Lang Garden (Láng Trung Lane),[6] Ứng Thiên Temple (Láng Hạ Street).[3]
According to local records, around theLê dynasty (Later Lê Dynasty) or 15th century, the competition of old and new beliefs took place. Therefore, Vô Vi Temple was built in Middle Hamlet (now Láng Trung Lane) to worship aTai-origin saint called "Prince of Highland" (Cao Sơn đại vương, or called Mountain Spirit).[3] However, by the 17th century when theAnnamese Daoism was very decline, the temple system in this area was basically moving to worshipBuddha, and then a saint calledMother Earth (Ứng Thiên Hậu Thổ phu nhân).[3]
According to the unproven records of theVietnam Buddhist Sangha, in the area of Láng Thượng Street, there are threepagodas that were built under the reign of EmperorLý Thần Tông, or early 12th century, to worship Royal MonkTừ Đạo Hạnh.[7] Specifically: Đản Thánh Cơ Pagoda for his parents Từ Vinh and Tằng Thị Loan, Cổ Sơn Pagoda for his elder sister Từ Thị Lan, evenChiêu Thiền Pagoda and Vĩnh Giai Temple for Lý Thần Tông's nurse Từ Thần Anh (a relative of Monk). However,Hanese characters on stonesteles and copper bells at these addresses only proved that they were actually built during a period from 1740 to 1756.[5] This was originally a temple system ofMother Goddess, which was banned by theNguyễn dynasty, thus gradually faded and became pagodas. The group of characters only existed in local legends without any specific documents before the 20th century.[7] Chiêu Thiền Pagoda, in Chùa Láng Street, was home to the first feature film ofVietnamese cinema,Kim Vân Kiều, which was shot in 1923. In addition, this architectural work has also appeared in a number of short documentaries by French filmmakers.
In addition, Láng Fortress is considered to the most important war relic of the capital Hanoi. The largest ones inside are four7.5 cm Pak 40 cannons, which served from 1940 to 1975. On December 16, 1946, Grand GeneralVõ Nguyên Giáp secretly arrived at this location to urge the preparation for the historic campaign of Viêt-Minh Forces.[8] By the 19th, the four cannons have simultaneously opened fire to the beginning of the revolt of the people of the capital. Even on the 22nd, they hit the firstSpitfire, which crashed on Hàng Bột Street.[3]
During theVietnam War, Láng Fortress received some more advanced weapons by theSoviet Union, which was used to defendHanoian sky from United States aircraft. Until the post-war period, the Fortress did not have much real meanings. Therefore, the Hanoi City People's Committee has used it as a place to display the memorabilia of theFirst Indochina War, and the later historical things were returned to theMinistry of Defence.[9]
Besides, a small corner of the relic has been used for building Láng Hydrometeorological Station (Trạm khí tượng thủy văn Láng). Currently, this agency has been upgraded to the headquarters of theDepartment of Hydrometeorology [vi] (Cục khí tượng thủy văn).
From a small record ofĐại Việt sử ký toàn thư, EmperorTrần Dụ Tông brought some slaves to Kẻ Láng in 1362 to take advantage of the fertility of Tô Lịch riverbanks to growgarlic, which was essential for royal meals. Over time, it has enteredfolklore as one of the famous vegetable growing locations.[note 10] Among them,corn mint is the most typical. Therefore, since the beginning of the 20th century until now, Láng Ward has been the place to supply corn mint as a spice forphở restaurants in urban Hanoi.[10]
According to the statisticalyearbook of the wholeHanoi, as of 2025 Láng Ward had a population of 61,135.[1] Besides, the population of the whole ward is fully registered asKinh people.
| Climate data for Láng Ward | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.3 (91.9) | 35.1 (95.2) | 37.2 (99.0) | 41.5 (106.7) | 42.8 (109.0) | 41.8 (107.2) | 40.8 (105.4) | 39.7 (103.5) | 37.4 (99.3) | 36.6 (97.9) | 36.0 (96.8) | 31.9 (89.4) | 42.8 (109.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 27.7 (81.9) | 31.9 (89.4) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.4 (92.1) | 32.6 (90.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 29.2 (84.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 27.6 (81.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 24.2 (75.6) | 27.6 (81.7) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.7 (83.7) | 27.7 (81.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 18.3 (64.9) | 23.9 (75.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.4 (65.1) | 21.9 (71.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.2 (77.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.3 (66.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 21.5 (70.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 5.0 (41.0) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 15.4 (59.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.1 (61.0) | 12.4 (54.3) | 6.8 (44.2) | 5.1 (41.2) | 2.7 (36.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 22.5 (0.89) | 24.6 (0.97) | 47.0 (1.85) | 91.8 (3.61) | 185.4 (7.30) | 253.3 (9.97) | 280.1 (11.03) | 309.4 (12.18) | 228.3 (8.99) | 140.7 (5.54) | 66.7 (2.63) | 20.2 (0.80) | 1,670.1 (65.75) |
| Average rainy days | 9.5 | 11.4 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 13.2 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 147.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 79.9 | 82.5 | 84.5 | 84.7 | 81.1 | 80.0 | 80.7 | 82.7 | 81.0 | 78.5 | 77.1 | 76.2 | 80.7 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 68.7 | 48.1 | 45.5 | 87.4 | 173.7 | 167.0 | 181.1 | 163.0 | 162.4 | 150.3 | 131.6 | 113.0 | 1,488.5 |
| Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Extremes[a] | |||||||||||||
