Kyoto, the capital and largest city, accommodates 57% of the prefecture's total population, with other major cities includingUji,Kameoka, andMaizuru.[3]: 565–587 Kyoto Prefecture is located on theSea of Japan coast and extends to the southeast towards theKii Peninsula, covering territory of the formerprovinces ofYamashiro,Tamba, andTango. Kyoto Prefecture is centered on the historicImperial capital of Kyoto, and is one of Japan's two "prefectures" using the designationfu rather than the standardken for prefectures. Kyoto has made Kyoto Prefecture one of the most populartourism destinations in Japan for national and international tourists, and 21% of the prefecture's land area was designated asNatural Parks. Kyoto Prefecture forms part of theKeihanshin metropolitan area, thesecond-most-populated region in Japan after theGreater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions byGDP.
Until the Meiji Restoration, the area of Kyoto Prefecture was known asYamashiro.[3]: 780
For most of its history, the city of Kyoto was Japan's Imperial capital. The city's history can be traced back as far as the 6th century. In 544, theAoi Matsuri was held in Kyoto to pray for good harvest and good weather.
Kyoto did not start out as Japan's capital. A noteworthy earlier capital wasNara. In 741,Emperor Shōmu moved the capital briefly to Kuni-kyo, between the cities of Nara and Kyoto, in present-day Kyoto Prefecture. In 784, the capital was moved toNagaokakyō, also in present-day Kyoto Prefecture. In 794,Emperor Kanmu moved the capital toHeian-kyō, and this was the beginning of the current-day city of Kyoto. Even today, almost all of the streets, houses, stores, temples and shrines in Kyoto exist where they were placed in this year.
Although in 1192 real political power shifted toKamakura, where a samurai clan establishedthe shogunate, Kyoto remained the imperial capital as the powerless emperors and their court continued to be seated in the city. Imperial rule wasbriefly restored in 1333, but another samurai clan establisheda new shogunate in Kyoto three years later.
In 1467, a great civil war, theŌnin War, took place inside Kyoto, and most of the town was burned down. Japan plunged into theage of warring feudal lords. A new strong man,Tokugawa Ieyasu, established the shogunate atEdo (today's Tokyo) in 1603.
TheMeiji Restoration returned Japan to imperial rule in 1868.Emperor Meiji, who was now the absolute sovereign, went to stay in Tokyo during the next year. The imperial court has not returned to Kyoto since then. During the instigation ofFuhanken Sanchisei in 1868, the prefecture received its suffixfu. The subsequent reorganization of the oldprovincial system merged the formerTango Province,Yamashiro Province and the eastern part ofTanba Province into today's Kyoto Prefecture.
Although many Japanese major cities were heavily bombed duringWorld War II, the old capital escaped such devastation.[5] During the occupation, theU.S. Sixth Army andI Corps were headquartered in Kyoto.[6][7]
Kyoto Prefecture is almost in the center ofHonshu and of Japan. It covers an area of 4,612.19 square kilometres (1,780.78 sq mi), which is 1.2% of Japan. Kyoto is the 31st largest prefecture by size. To the north, it faces theSea of Japan andFukui Prefecture. To the south, it facesOsaka andNara Prefectures. To the east, it facesMie andShiga Prefectures. To its west isHyōgo Prefecture. The prefecture is separated in the middle by the Tanba Mountains. This makes its climate very different in the north and south.
The previous governor of Kyoto is formerHome Affairs Ministry bureaucratKeiji Yamada. He has been reelected to a fourth term in April 2014 with support from the major non-Communist parties against only oneJCP-supported challenger.[13][14][15]
Kyoto's delegation to theNational Diet consists of six members of theHouse of Representatives and four members (two per election) of theHouse of Councillors. After the national elections of 2019, 2021 and 2022, the prefecture is represented by two Liberal Democrats, two Constitutional Democrats, a FEFA member, and an independent in the lower house, and two Liberal Democrats, one Democrat and one Communist in the upper house.
The prefectural flower of Kyoto is the weepingcherry. The KitayamaSugi is the official tree, and the streakedshearwater the bird that symbolizes the prefecture.
On 1 August 2013, prefectural and municipal authorities gave consent for aUSFJ missile monitoring station to be set up in the city ofKyōtango. It will be co-located with aJASDF facility already based in the city. At least initially, its primary sensor will be a mobile X-band radar used to gather data on ballistic missile launches which will then be relayed by the station to warships equipped with Aegis air defense systems and to ground-based interceptor missile sites. A hundred and sixty personnel will be based at the station.[17]
Kyoto prefecture's economy is supported by industries that create value that is unique to Kyoto, such as thetourism and traditional industries supported by 1,200 years of history and culture, as well as high-technology industries that combine the technology of Kyoto's traditional industries with new ideas.[20]
Northern Kyoto on theTango Peninsula has fishing and water transportation, and midland Kyoto has agriculture and forestry. The prefecture produces 13% of the domesticsake andgreen tea. Japan's largest vertical farm is located in the prefecture.[21]
Kyoto has been, and still remains, Japan's cultural center.[23][24] For over 1000 years it was Japan's capital. When the capital was changed toTokyo, Kyoto remained Japan's cultural capital. The local government proposes a plan to move theAgency for Cultural Affairs to Kyoto and to regard Tokyo as the capital of politics and economy and Kyoto as the capital of culture.[25] SeeCulture of Japan.
Kyoto City is one of the most popular tourist spots in Japan, and many people from far and wide visit there. Along with Tokyo, Kyoto is a favorite location for the graduation trip of Junior High and High schools.
Some of the festivals held in Kyoto areAoi Matsuri from 544,Gion Matsuri from 869,Ine Matsuri from the Edo-era,Daimonji Gozan Okuribi from 1662, andJidai Matsuri from 1895. Every shrine and temple holds some sort of event, and many of them are open for public viewing.
^"[Kyōtofu] Kyōtofu no jinkō nenji betsu suii"【京都府】京都府の人口年次別推移 [[Kyoto Prefecture] Changes in Kyoto Prefecture by population year] (in Japanese). Kyoto Prefecture. Information Policy Division, Policy Planning Department. n.d. Retrieved12 February 2022.
^"Edinburgh – Twin and Partner Cities". 2008 The City of Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland. Archived fromthe original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved21 December 2008.
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