It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name:Kuyavia (Polish:Kujawy) andPomerania (Polish:Pomorze).
Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, areBydgoszcz andToruń.
The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999, as a result of thePolish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It consisted of territory from the formerBydgoszcz,Toruń andWłocławek Voivodeships.
The area now known as Kuyavia–Pomerania was previously divided between the region ofKuyavia,Dobrzyń Land,Pomerania (includingChełmno Land andKociewie), andGreater Poland (includingPałuki andKrajna). Of the two principal cities of today's Kuyavian–Pomeranian voivodeship, one (Bydgoszcz) was historically located in Kuyavia, while the other (Toruń) was an important town of Chełmno Land.
The functions of regional capital are split betweenBydgoszcz andToruń. Bydgoszcz serves as the seat of the centrally appointed governor orvoivode (Polish:wojewoda), while Toruń is the seat of the electedRegional Assembly (sejmik), and of the executive elected by that assembly, headed by the voivodeship marshal (marszałek województwa).
Bydgoszcz is the Voivodeship's largest city and the seat of its governor (Voivode)The medieval city ofToruń, birthplace ofNicholas Copernicus, is today the seat of the provincial assemblyWłocławek Cathedral, an example ofPolish Gothic architectureThe medieval city ofGrudziądz, with its intactgranaries along theVistula RiverInowrocław is famous for its large salt spa and resort centreBrodnica – market square
The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 21.8 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 4.4% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 17,300 euros or 57% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 64% of the EU average.[5]
Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass throughBydgoszcz to connect to the major ports on theBaltic Sea. In addition to this,Bydgoszcz is home to the rolling stock manufacturerPESA SA, Poland's largest and most modern producer of railway and tram products. The province's sole international airport,Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport, is located in Bydgoszcz and has connections to a number of European destinations as well asWarsaw, which are all operated by either Irish carrierRyanair orLOT Polish Airlines.
The main railway stations of the province are Bydgoszcz main station and Toruń main station; both stations are served by fastPKP Intercity trains which connect them with the capitalWarsaw, as well as other major Polish cities. In addition to these fast express services, iregional trains on electrified lines are operated by thePolregio, while regional rail transportation on unelectrified lines within the voivodeship are provided byArriva RP, a private firm to which the provincial government subcontracted the provision of rail transport.
TheA1 andS5 highways pass through the province, with theS10 also under construction.
All major towns of the province have municipal transportation companies operating buses, whileBydgoszcz,Toruń andGrudziądz also have extensive tram systems.
The Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship's government is headed by the province's voivode(governor) who is appointed by thePolish Prime Minister. The voivode is then assisted in performing his duties by the voivodeship's marshal, who is the appointed speaker for the voivodeship's executive and is elected by the sejmik(provincial assembly). The current voivode of Kuyavia-Pomerania isEwa Monika Mes, and the present marshal isPiotr Całbecki.
The Sejmik of Kuyavia-Pomerania consists of 33 members.
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Regional Assembly elections on 21 November 2010[6]
The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship is divided into 23 counties (powiats): 4 city counties and 19 land counties. These are further divided into 144gminas.
The counties are listed in the following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population).
Włocławek, Toruń and Bydgoszcz contain preserved Gothic cathedrals. Locations of historic monasteries includeChełmno,Grudziądz,Mogilno,Rywałd andSkępe. InGąsawa, there is the 17th-century Saint Nicolas Church with a unique collection of multi-layered mural paintings, dating back several centuries.
Major museums and art galleries are located in Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek, including theLeon Wyczółkowski Regional Museum in Bydgoszcz,District Museum in Toruń and Museum of Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land in Włocławek. The more unique museums include:
Other notable sights include theBydgoszcz Canal, connectingBydgoszcz andNakło nad Notecią, theBattle of Koronowo (1410) Monument, and monuments do distinguished people from the region, including cryptologistMarian Rejewski (birthplace and monument in Bydgoszcz), writerJan Kasprowicz (childhood home and monument in Inowrocław), and surgeonLudwik Rydygier, the first surgeon in the world to carry out a peptic ulcer resection (former clinic and monument in Chełmno).
Bydgoszcz andToruń, although not capitals of Poland, hosted sessions of the Polish Parliament. Bydgoszcz in 1520, Toruń in 1576 and 1626.[15]
Toruń served as the temporary Polish capital in 1809.[16]
Medieval municipal rights modelled afterChełmno, known asChełmno rights, became the basis of municipal form of government for various cities and towns of the region and beyond, includingWarsaw.
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