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Kure Naval Arsenal

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Coordinates:34°13′55″N132°33′14″E / 34.232°N 132.554°E /34.232; 132.554

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Former Japanese naval shipyard

Kure Naval Arsenal
Kure,Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
Kure Naval Arsenal panorama, 1945
Site information
Type	Shipyard
Controlled by	Imperial Japanese Navy

Site history
Built	1889
In use	1889–1945

Kure Naval Arsenal (呉海軍工廠,Kure Kaigun Kōshō) was one of four principal navalshipyards owned and operated by theImperial Japanese Navy.

History

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BattleshipYamato under construction at Kure Naval Arsenal, 1941

Midget submarines in adrydock at Kure, 1945

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TheKure Naval District was established atKure, Hiroshima in 1889, as the second of the naval districts responsible for the defense of theJapanese home islands. Along with the establishment of the navy base, a ship repair facility was also constructed, initially by moving the equipment from the Onohama shipyards nearKobe. Construction was supervised by theFrench engineer Louis-Émile Bertin. The first warship constructed at Kure,Miyako, was launched in 1897. The "Kure Shipyards" were officially renamed the "Kure Naval Arsenal" in 1903.

Kure developed into one of the largest shipbuilding facilities in theEmpire of Japan, capable of working with the largest vessels. The Arsenal included a majorsteel works (built with British assistance), and also facilities for producingnaval artillery and projectiles. ThebattleshipsYamato andNagato were designed and constructed at Kure.

The facilities of the Kure Naval Arsenal wererepeatedly bombed by theUnited States Navy andUnited States Army Air Forces during thePacific War, and over 70% of its buildings and equipment was destroyed.

After thesurrender of Japan in 1945, the Kure Naval Arsenal was turned over to civilian hands.

Current facilities

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The extensive dry dock, ship building, repair and engineering facilities are now owned and operated byJapan Marine United, one of Japan's largest merchant marine and naval shipbuilders.

Examples of ships built at Kure Naval Arsenal

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Atago,Takao-class heavy cruiser (1932)
Nachi,Myōkō-class heavy cruiser (1928)
Light cruiserŌyodo (1943)

Destroyers

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Ariake,Fubuki,Arare,Harusame-class Destroyers (1905)

Submarines

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Seaplane Tenders

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Chitose,Chitose-class seaplane tender (1936)
Chiyoda,Chitose-class seaplane tender (1937)

Naval Weapons designed at Kure

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Naval Gun

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40(46) cm/45 Type 94 naval gun, main armament of theYamato-class battleship
10 cm/65 Type 98 naval gun, main armament of theAkizuki-class destroyer and Secondary armament oflight cruiserŌyodo andaircraft carrierTaihō

References

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Hunter, Janet (2002).The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000: Volume IV: Economic and Business Relations. Palgrave Macmillan.ISBN 0-333-79197-5.
Samuels, Richard J. (1996)."Rich Nation, Strong Army": National Security and the Technological Transformation of Japan.Cornell University Press.ISBN 0-8014-9994-1.
Schencking, J. Charles (2005).Making Waves: Politics, Propaganda, And The Emergence Of The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868-1922. Stanford University Press.ISBN 0-8047-4977-9.
Sims, Richard (1998).French Policy Towards the Bakufu and Meiji Japan 1854-1894: A Case of Misjudgement and Missed Opportunities. RoutledgeCurzon.ISBN 1-873410-61-1.