Republic of Ararat Komara Agiriyê Komara Araratê | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1927–1931 | |||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||
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| Status | Unrecognized state | ||||||||
| Capital | Kurd Ava[2] / Kurdava[3] (Doğubayazıt) 39°21′N43°23′E / 39.35°N 43.38°E /39.35; 43.38 | ||||||||
| Common languages | Kurdish,Turkish[citation needed] | ||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||
| President[4] | |||||||||
• 1927–1930 | Ibrahim Heski[5] | ||||||||
| Supreme Commander[5] | |||||||||
• 1927–1931 | Ihsan Nuri[5] | ||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | ||||||||
• Independence declared[6] | 28 October 1927 | ||||||||
• Retaken by Turkey | September 1931 | ||||||||
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TheRepublic of Ararat, also known as theKurdish Republic of Ararat,[7][8][9][a] was a self-proclaimedKurdish state from 1927 to 1931. It was located in theArmenian highlands, centred onKaraköse Province. "Agirî" is theKurdish name forArarat.[13]
The Republic of Ararat, led by the central committee ofXoybûn party, declared independence on 28 October 1927[6] or 1928,[9][14][15] during a wave of rebellion amongKurds in southeasternTurkey. As the leader of the military was appointedIhsan Nuri, and Ibrahim Heski was put in charge of the civilian government.
At the first meeting of Xoybûn,Ihsan Nuri Pasha was declared the military commander of theArarat Rebellion.[16] Ibrahim Heski was made the leader of the civilian administration.[17] In October 1927, Kurd Ava,[2] or Kurdava,[3] a village nearMount Ararat, was designated as the provisional capital ofKurdistan. Xoybûn made appeals to the Great Powers and theLeague of Nations and also sent messages to other Kurds inIraq andSyria to ask for co-operation.[18] But under the pressure from Turkey, the British Empire as well as France imposed restrictions on the activities of the members of Xoybûn.[16]
In the spring of 1930, Ferzende Beg visited Ali Can, the leader of the local Kurdish Berazi tribe, and asked him to join the Ararat uprisings.[19] As a result, Ali Can attacked the detachment in the formerKarayazı sub-district ofHasankale with his 40 cavalrymen on July 7, 1930, and a 3-month-long rebellion began. After further success, the districts ofTutak,Bulanık,Karaçoban,Köprüköy,Hınıs and Karayazı were annexed to the Ararat State.[19]
TheTurkish Armed forces subsequently defeated the Republic of Ararat in September 1931.[20][21]
The flag first appeared during the movement forKurdish independence from theOttoman Empire and resembles an earlier version created by theXoybûn (Khoyboun) organization, active in theArarat rebellion of 1930, and flown by the break-away Republic of Ararat during the period 1927–1931.[citation needed]
