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Thekudus are two species ofantelope of the genusTragelaphus:
The two species look similar, though greaters are larger than lessers. A large adult male greater kudu stands over 5 feet (1.5 m) tall at the shoulder, and a large male lesser kudu stands about 4 feet (1.2 m) tall. Males of both species have long horns, which point upward and slightly back, curling in a corkscrew shape.[1]
The name of the animal was imported into English in the 18th century fromisiXhosaiqhude, viaAfrikaanskoedoe.
Kudu, or koodoo, is theKhoikhoi and seTswana name (tholo is the Setswana name) for this antelope.Tragos (Greek) denotes a he-goat andelaphos (Greek) a deer.Strepho (Greek) means "I twist", andstrephis is "twisting".Keras (Greek) means "horn".[2]
Lesser kudus occupy savanna nearAcacia andCommiphora shrubs. They rely on thickets for protection, so they are rarely seen in the open. Their brown and striped pelts help to camouflage them in scrub environments.
As in many other antelopes, male kudus can be found inbachelor groups, but they are more likely to be solitary. Their dominance displays tend not to last long and are generally fairly peaceful, consisting of one male making himself look big by making his hair stand on end. When males do have a face-off, they lock their horns in a competition to determine the stronger puller; kudus' necks enlarge during the mating season for this reason. Sometimes, two competing males are unable to unlock their horns, and if unable to disengage, die of starvation or dehydration. Males are seen with females only in the mating season, when they join in groups of 5–15 kudus, including offspring. Calves grow quickly and at six months are largely independent of their mothers.
A pregnant female leaves the herd to give birth to a single offspring. She leaves the newborn lying hidden for 4–5 weeks while coming back only to nurse it, which is the longest nursing period of any antelope species. Then the calf starts accompanying its mother for short periods. At 3 or 4 months, the calf is with its mother constantly, and at about 6 months, they rejoin the group.
When threatened, kudu often run away rather than fight. Wounded bulls have been known to charge an attacker, hitting the attacker with their sturdy horn base rather than stabbing it. Wounded females can keep running for many miles without stopping to rest for more than a minute. They have a powerful kick and are capable of breaking awild dog orjackal's neck or back. They are good jumpers and can clear a 5-foot fence from a standing start.[citation needed]
Kudus are browsers and eat leaves and shoots. In dry seasons, they eat wild watermelons and other fruit for their liquid content and natural sugars.[3] The lesser kudu is less dependent on water sources than the greater kudu.
Predators, such aslions,leopards,cheetahs,wild dogs,hyenas,crocodiles, and sometimespythons, hunt adult kudu or their young. Kudu numbers are also affected by humans hunting them for their meat, hides, and horns, or using their habitats for charcoal burning and farming.
Kudus were highly susceptible to therinderpest virus (now eradicated after a vaccination program in domestic cattle), and many scientists believe that in earlier times, recurring epidemics of the disease reduced kudu populations in East Africa.
Kudus are susceptible torabies in times of extended drought. They have been known to enter farmhouses and other buildings when infected. Infected animals appear tame and have a distinct frothing at the mouth. Rabid kudus are fearless, and bulls may sometimes attack humans who get too close.[citation needed]
Kudu meat is similar to venison (deer), with a slight gamey, liver-like flavor. It is a very dry and lean meat, so it needs to be cooked carefully to avoid drying it out.[4]
A kudu horn is a musical instrument made from the horn of the kudu.[5] A form of it is sometimes used as ashofar in Jewish ceremonies. It is seen in the Western world in its use as a part of theScouting movement'sWood Badge training program; the sounding of the horn signals the start of a Wood Badge training course or activity. Ahorn of this shape, when used by football fans, is calledkuduzela (a portmanteau of "kudu" and "vuvuzela").
The kudu,tholo in the languages ofSepedi,Setswana, andVenda, is a tribal totem of theBarolong andBatlhaping people of Botswana and South Africa.
In the sport ofkudu dung-spitting, contestants spit pellets of kududung, with the farthest distance (including the roll) reached being the winner. The sport is mostly popular among theAfrikaner community inSouth Africa, and a world championship is held each year.[6]
Kudu hunting is prominently featured inErnest Hemingway's nonfiction bookGreen Hills of Africa, an account of a month-long safari his then-wife,Pauline Pfeiffer, and he went on in East Africa in December 1933.[7][8]
