| Kubachi | |
|---|---|
| Kubachin | |
| гӀюгъбугъан куб/гъай[1] | |
| Pronunciation | [ʡūˁʁbugankub/ʁaj] |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | Dagestan |
Native speakers | 7,000 (2020)[2] |
| Cyrillic script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ugh |
| Glottolog | kuba1248 |
_2021.png) Kubachi | |
Kubachi (alternativelyKubachin) is a language in theDargin dialect continuum spoken inDagestan,Russia, byKubachi people.[3] It is often considered a divergent dialect ofDargwa, but it has also historically been portrayed as a separate language.Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.[2]
| Front | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | phar. | plain | phar. | ||
| close | short | [u]уu | [uˤ]уӏü | ||
| long | [uː]ууuu | [uˤː]ууӏüü | |||
| near-close | short | [ɪ]иi | [ɪˤ]иӏï | ||
| long | [ɪː]ииii | [ɪˤː]ииӏïï | |||
| open-mid | short | [ɛ]еe | [ɛˤ]еӏë | ||
| long | [ɛː]eeee | [ɛˤː]eeӏëë | |||
| open | short | [ɑ]аa | [ɑˤ]аӏä | ||
| long | [ɑː]aaaa | [ɑˤː]aaӏää | |||
Theglottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottaliclaryngeal" by both sources.[which?]
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labialized | plain | labialized | ||||||||
| Nasal | [m]мm | [n]нn | |||||||||
| Plosive | voiced | [b]бb | [d]дd | [g]гg | [gʷ]гвgw | [ʡ]гӏÿ | [ʔ]ъy | ||||
| aspirated | [pʰ]пp | [tʰ]тt | [kʰ]кk | [kʷʰ]квkw | [qʰ]къq | [qʷʰ]къвqw | |||||
| fortis | [pː]ппpp | [tː]ттtt | [kː]ккkk | [kʷː]кквkkw | [qː]ккъqq | [qʷː]ккъвqqw | |||||
| ejective | [pʼ]пӏpʼ | [tʼ]тӏtʼ | [kʼ]кӏkʼ | [kʷʼ]кӏвkʼw | [qʼ]кьqʼ | [qʷʼ]кьвqʼw | |||||
| Affricate | aspirated | [t͡sʰ]цc | [t͡ʃʰ]чç | [q͡χʰ]хъqx | [q͡χʷʰ]хъвqxw | ||||||
| fortis | [t͡sː]ццcc | [t͡ʃː]ччçç | |||||||||
| ejective | [t͡sʼ]цӏcʼ | [t͡ʃʼ]чӏçʼ | |||||||||
| Fricative | voiced | [z]зz | [ʒ]жẑ | [ʁ]гъĝ | [ʁʷ]гъвĝw | [ħ]хӏħ | [h]гьh | ||||
| plain | [s]сs | [ʃ]шş | [x]хьĵ | [xʷ]хьвĵw | [χ]хx | [χʷ]хвxw | |||||
| fortis | [sː]ссss | [ʃː]шшşş | [xː]ххьĵĵ | [xʷː]ххьвĵĵw | [χː]ххxx | [χʷː]ххвxxw | |||||
| Trill | [r]рr | ||||||||||
| Approximant | [w]вv | [l]лl | [j]йj | ||||||||
The original Dargwic phoneme[r] in Kubachi has become[j] or disappeared,lengthening the neighboring vowel.[4]
| А а /ɑ/ | Б б /b/ | В в /w/ | Г г /g/ | Гъ гъ /ʁ/ | Гь гь /ɦ/ | Д д /d/ | Е е /e/;/je/ | Ё ё /jɔ/ | Ж ж /ʒ/ |
| З з /z/ | И и /i/ | Й й /j/ | К к /k/ | Кк кк /kː/ | Къ къ /qʰ/ | Кь кь /qʼ/ | Кӏ кӏ /kʼ/ | Л л /l/ | М м /m/ |
| Н н /n/ | О о /n/ | П п /pʰ/ | Пп пп /pː/ | Пӏ пӏ /pʼ/ | Р р /r/ | С с /s/ | Сс сс /sː/ | Т т /t/ | Тт тт /tː/ |
| Тӏ тӏ /tʼ/ | У у /u/ | Ф ф /f/ | Х х /χ/ | Хх хх /χː/ | Хъ хъ /qʰ/ | Хь хь /x/ | Хьхь хьхь /xː/ | Хӏ хӏ /ʜ/;/ħ/ | Ц ц /ts/ |
| Цц цц /tsː/ | Цӏ цӏ /tsʼ/ | Ч ч /tʃ/ | Чч чч /tʃː/ | Чӏ чӏ /tʃʼ/ | Ш ш /ʃ/ | Шш шш /ʃː/ | Ъ ъ /ʔ/ | Э э /e/ | Ю ю /ju/ |
| Я я /ja/,/jə/ |
The proposedNorth Caucasian language family comprises theNortheast andNorthwest Caucasian language families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northwest (Pontic) |
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| Northeast (Caspian) |
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Italics indicateextinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caucasian (areal) |
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| Indo- European |
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| Turkic |
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| Others | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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