Krasnodar Krai is formally and informally referred to asKuban (Russian:Кубань), a term denoting the historical region ofKuban situated between theSea of Azov and theKuban River which is predominantly within the krai. It is bordered byRostov Oblast to the north,Stavropol Krai to the east,Karachay-Cherkessia to the south-east.Adygea is anenclave entirely within the krai. Krasnodar Krai shares an international border withGeorgia and the partially-recognized republic ofAbkhazia to the south, and bordersannexedCrimea to the west, across theKerch Strait.
Federal subjects in the Black Sea-Caspian area. *Smaller areas along the north Caucasus are the republics: Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, and Chechnya *Yellow is theSouthern Federal District and below it is theNorth Caucasian Federal District (light grey)
The height of the mountains exceeds 3,000 meters (9,800 ft), withMount Tsakhvoa being the highest at 3,346 meters (10,978 ft),[10] withMount Fisht, at 2,867 meters (9,406 ft), being the Great Caucasus' westernmost peak with aglacier.[10]
The Black Sea coast stretches from the Kerch Strait toAdler and is shielded by theCaucasus Mountains from the cold northern winds.[10] Numerous small mountain rivers flow in the coastal areas, often creating picturesque waterfalls.[10]
Lake Abrau, located in the wine-making region ofAbrau-Dyurso, is the largest lake in the northeastern Caucasus region.[10]
In April 1783, after the liquidation of theCrimean Khanate, right-bank Kuban and Taman Peninsula were annexed to theRussian Empire by decree ofCatherine II. In 1792–1794, theCossacks moved there fromZaporizhzhia, now located in Ukraine, and formed the Black Sea Area troops, with the creation of a solid cordon line for theKuban River andthe marginalization of the neighboringCircassians. The administrative region was accorded the status of "Land of Black Sea Cossack Army", with its center in the city ofYekaterinodar (renamed Krasnodar by the Bolsheviks in 1920).
In 1900, the region's population numbered around two million people. In 1913, the gross grain harvest Kuban region entered second place in Russia, for the production of marketable grain – in first place.[clarification needed] During theRussian Civil War, the anti-communistKuban People's Republic was established on January 28, 1918. It sought union with theUkrainian People's Republic during its brief independence until Soviet forces occupied the latter in May 1920.
Krasnodar Krai was founded on September 13, 1937, whenAzov-Black Sea Krai of theRussian SFSR was split up in Krasnodar Krai andRostov Oblast. TheGreek Autonomous District andShapsug national district were located within the Krai. On January 30, 1996, Krasnodar Krai signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.[15] This agreement would be abolished on April 12, 2002.[16]
On July 7, 2012, at least 171 people died in Krasnodar Krai, after torrential rains overnight caused the worst flooding and landslides in more than seventy years.[17][18] Over 280 millimeters (11 in) of rain – the typical amount for a four- or five-month period – was reported to have fallen within forty-eight hours.[19] A local police spokesman stated that most of the dead were inKrymsky District, where at least 159 died when a wave of water 5 meters (16 ft) high swept through the town ofKrymsk in the middle of the night.[18][19] Ten more deaths occurred inGelendzhik, including five electrocuted when atransformer fell into the floodwater, and two inNovorossiysk.[17][19] Authorities stated that 17 people had been officially reported missing, and there were fears the death toll would rise further, while medics had hospitalized 210 people, including 16 children.[citation needed]
The regional government claimed that over 24,000 people were affected by the floods, with more than 3,000 evacuated, and that more than 10,000 rescuers and 140 helicopters were searching for victims and evacuating survivors.[17][19] InKrymsk, 14 temporary shelters were set up to house around 2,000 evacuees.[citation needed] The transport system in the region was said to have collapsed, while oil shipments from Novorossiysk were halted whenthe port, located in the lower part of the city, was threatened by landslides.[17][19][20] Russia's PresidentVladimir Putin flew to the area to hold emergency talks with officials in Krymsk, while authorities inPerm Krai dispatched a rescue team to evacuate dozens of children from the region, who had been staying at summer camps on theBlack Sea coast.[17][20]
Residents of Krymsk claimed the wave of water that hit the town resulted from thesluice gates of a nearby reservoir being opened, although the prosecutor general's investigative committee denied this. Local prosecutors had earlier confirmed that the gates were opened, but stated that it was too early to determine whether this was the cause of the flooding.[18][needs update]
During theSoviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: the first secretary of the Krasnodar CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). In 1991, the CPSU lost power, and the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor have been since appointed/elected alongside electedregional parliament.
The Charter of Krasnodar Krai is the fundamental law of the region. TheLegislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the krai government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the governor's activities, who is the highest official and acts as the guarantor of the observance of the Krai Charter in accordance with theConstitution of Russia.
As a result of2014 Winter Olympics, Krasnodar Krai has seen significant infrastructure spending.[21] Over $50 billion has been spent on various infrastructure projects including a bullet train.
Large companies in the region includeTander, Novorossmetal, Autonomous Heat Energy Company, Gazprom gas distribution Krasnodar, and Evrokhim Chemical Fertilizers.[22]
Krasnoday Krai's top export is refined petroleum, with other significant exports including wheat, hot-rolled iron bars, seed oils, and asphalt mixtures.[23]
The population of Krasnodar Krai is concentrated in theKuban River drainage basin, which was traditionallyCossack land (seeHistory of Cossacks). TheKuban Cossacks are now generally considered[according to whom?] to be ethnic Russians, even though they are still an important minority in their own right in the area.Historically, they were considered to be ethnic Ukrainian[according to whom?], and reported their language as Ukrainian in censuses well into the 20th century (seeNational Identity of Kuban Cossacks). This change in identity is due to assimilation and historical persecution of the Kuban Cossacks, which was particularly prominent due to questions of their loyalty to Moscow and the Communist state during the Russian Revolution and First World War.[citation needed]
Other notable ethnic groups include theAdyghe, who are the region's indigenous population and were nearly completely annihilated following theCircassian genocide,[30] and theArmenians (including ChristianHamsheni andCherkesogai), who have lived in the region since at least the 18th century.[citation needed]
According to a 2012 survey[33] 52.2% of the population of Krasnodar Krai adheres to theRussian Orthodox Church, 3% areunaffiliated genericChristians, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, and 1% areMuslims. In addition, 22% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% isatheist, and 7.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[33]
Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №5-КЗ от 5 мая 1995 г. «О символах Краснодарского края», в ред. Закона №2957-КЗ от 8 мая 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Краснодарского края "О символах Краснодарского края"». Вступил в силу 31 мая 1995 г. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №87, 24 мая 1995 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #5-KZ of May 5, 1995On the Symbols of Krasnodar Krai, as amended by the Law #2957-KZ of May 8, 2014On Amending the Law of Krasnodar Krai "On the Symbols of Krasnodar Krai". Effective as of May 31, 1995.).
«Устав Краснодарского края», в ред. Закона №2870-КЗ от 30 декабря 2013 г «О внесении изменений в Устав Краснодарского края». Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", 10 ноября 1993 г. (Charter of Krasnodar Krai, as amended by the Law #2870-KZ of December 30, 2013On Amending the Charter of Krasnodar Krai. ).
Горшенёв, М. А. (1983).Путешествия по Краснодарскому краю (in Russian). Физкультура и спорт.
Азаренкова, А. С.; И. Ю. Бондарь; Н. С. Вертышева (1986) [1986].Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.) (in Russian). Краснодарское книжное издательство.
_-_Krasnodar_Krai_(Crimea_disputed).svg)
.JPG)
.jpg)
.png)
