| Koyna Dam कोयना धरण | |
|---|---|
 Water being released from Koyna Dam during the2021 Maharashtra floods. | |
  Koyna Dam कोयना धरण Location of Koyna Dam inMaharashtra | |
| Official name | Koyna Dam D05104 |
| Location | Koyna Nagar,Maharashtra India |
| Coordinates | 17°24′06″N73°45′08″E / 17.40167°N 73.75222°E /17.40167; 73.75222 |
| Construction began | 1956 |
| Opening date | 1964[1] |
| Owner | Government of Maharashtra |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Rubble-concrete dam |
| Impounds | Koyna River |
| Height | 103.2 m (339 ft) |
| Length | 807.2 m (2,648 ft) (0.8 km) |
| Spillways | 6 Gates |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Shivasagar Lake |
| Total capacity | 2,981,000,000 m3 (2,417,000 acre⋅ft) OR 105.27 tmc ft |
| Surface area | 891.78 km2 (344 mi2) |
| Power Station | |
| Turbines | Koyna dam foot powerhouse: 2 x 20MW stage 1: 4 x 70MW stage 2: 4 x 75MW stage 3: 4 x 80MW stage 4: 4 x 250MW Total = 18Francis turbines |
| Installed capacity | 1,960MW |
| Official website | |
TheKoyna Dam is one of the largestdams inMaharashtra,India. It is a rubble-concrete dam constructed onKoyna River which rises inMahabaleshwar, a hillstation inSahyadri ranges. It is located inKoyna Nagar,Satara district, in theWestern Ghats on the state highway betweenChiplun (44 KM) andKarad (58 KM).
The main purpose of the dam ishydroelectricity generation with someirrigation in neighboring areas. Today theKoyna Hydroelectric Project is the second largest completed hydroelectric power plant in India[2] having a total installed capacity of1,960MW. Due to its electricity generating potential, Koyna river is considered as the 'life line of Maharashtra'.[3]
The spillway of the dam is located at the center. It has 6radial gates. The dam plays a vital role offlood controlling inmonsoon season. The catchment area dams the Koyna river and forms theShivasagar Lake which is approximately 50 km (31 mi) in length. It is one of the largest civil engineering projects commissioned after Indian independence. The Koyna hydro-electric project is run by theMaharashtra State Electricity Board.[citation needed]
Thedam has withstood manyearthquakes in the recent past, including the devastating1967 Koynanagar earthquake, resulting in the dam developing some cracks. After thedisastergrouting of the cracks was done. Also internal holes were drilled to relieve thehydrostatic pressures in the body of the dam. Indian scientific establishment has formulated an ambitious project to drill a deepborehole in the region and intensely study the earthquake activity. This would help in better understanding and possible forecast of earthquakes. The proposal is to drill up to 7 km and study the physical,geological andchemical processes and properties of thereservoir triggered earthquake zone in real time. It would be an international project to be led by Indian scientists.[4]
In 1973 the non-overflow portion of the dam was strengthened, followed by strengthening thespillway section in 2006. Now the dam is expected to be safe against any future earthquake, including ones with a higher intensity than that of 1967.[citation needed]
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