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Kota language (India)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dravidian language of India
Not to be confused withKota language (Gabon) orKota language (Central African Republic).
Kota
Kō mānt
கோத்தர்
Native toIndia
RegionNilgiri Hills
EthnicityKotas
Native speakers
930 (2001 census)[1]
Dravidian
Tamil script
Language codes
ISO 639-3kfe
Glottologkota1263
ELPKota (India)
Kota is classified as Critically Endangered according to theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger[2]

Kota (IPA:[koːt̪aː]) is a language of theDravidian family with about 900 native speakers in theNilgiri hills ofTamil Nadu state,India. It is spoken mainly by the tribalKota people (India). In the late 1800s, the native speaking population was about 1,100.[3] In 1990, the population was only 930, out of an ethnic population of perhaps 1,400, despite the great increase in the population of the area.[1] The language is 'critically endangered' due to the greater social status of neighbouring languages.[4] The Kota language may have originated fromTamil-Kannada and is closely related to theToda language. The Kota population is about 2500. The origin of the name Kota is derived from the Dravidian root word 'Ko' meaning Mountain.[5][6] Traditionally Kota and Toda are seen as from a single branch Toda-Kota which separated from Tamil-Kota but recently Krishnamurti considers it to have diverged first from Tamil-Kota and later Toda as it does not have the centralized vowels characterized for Tamil-Toda.

Phonology

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Vowels

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FrontCentralBack
shortlongshortlongshortlong
Highiiːuuː
Mideeːooː
Lowaaː

Kota notably doesn't have central vowels like the other Nilgiri languages, Toda, the closest language also has it.

Consonants

[edit]
Consonants[7]
LabialDentalAlveolarRetroflexPost-alv./
Palatal		Velar
Nasalmn̪ɳŋ
Plosivevoicelesspt̪ʈt̠k
voicedbd̪ɖd̠ɡ
Affricatevoicelesst͡ʃ
voicedd͡ʒ
Liquidcentralʋɾj
laterallɭ

[s] and [z] occur in free variation with /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/. [ʂ] occurs as an allophone of /s/ before retroflexes.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abKota atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 31.
  3. ^Caldwell, Robert. 1875. A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages. London: Trübner & Company
  4. ^Prema, S. n.d. "Status of Dravidian Tribal Languages in Kerala" University of Kerala
  5. ^Raju, Jamuna (30 June 2012)."The Kota Tribes of Nilgiris".Breeks Chatter. Archived fromthe original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved28 March 2016.
  6. ^Narasimhacharya, R. (1990).History of Kannada Language. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. p. 37.ISBN 9788120605596.
  7. ^Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003).The Dravidian languages (null ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 53.ISBN 978-0-511-06037-3.

Further reading

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External links

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South
Tamil–Kannada
Kannada
- Badaga
Kannadoid
Toda-Kota
Kodava
Iruloid
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Teluguoid
Gondi-Kui
Gondoid
Konda-Kui
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Kolami-Naiki
Parji–Gadaba
North
Kurukh-Malto
Proto-languages
Italics indicateextinct languages (no surviving native speakers and no spoken descendant)
Languages ofTamil Nadu
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