| Mission type | Test flight |
|---|---|
| Operator | Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-1) |
| COSPAR ID | 1967-009A |
| SATCATno. | 02667 |
| Mission duration | 2 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Soyuz 7K-OK No.3 |
| Spacecraft type | Soyuz 7K-OK |
| Manufacturer | Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-1) |
| Launch mass | 6450 kg[1] |
| Landing mass | 2500 kg |
| Dimensions | 7.13 m (23.4 ft) long 2.72 m (8 ft 11 in) wide |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 7 February 1967, 03:21GMT[2] |
| Rocket | Soyuz 11A511 s/n U15000-03 |
| Launch site | Baikonur,Site 1/5[1] |
| Contractor | Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-1) |
| End of mission | |
| Landing date | 9 February 1967 |
| Landing site | Aral Sea,Kazakhstan |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[2] |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 165.0 km |
| Apogee altitude | 218.0 km |
| Inclination | 51.7° |
| Period | 88.5 minutes |
Kosmos 140 (Russian:Космос 140 meaningCosmos 140),Soyuz 7K-OK No.3, was an uncrewed flight of theSoyuz spacecraft.[3] It was the third attempted test flight of theSoyuz 7K-OK model, after orbital (Kosmos 133) and launch (Soyuz 11A511) failures of the first two Soyuz spacecraft.
The follow-up toKosmos 133 (Soyuz 7K-OK No.2), 28 November 1966, was planned for 14 December 1966 (Soyuz 7K-OK No.1) but ended disastrously. At liftoff, the Blok A core stage of the 11A57 booster ignited, but not the strap-ons. A shutdown command was immediately sent and pad crews began to move the service towers back in place and drain the propellants. This task was completed for the core stage and strap-ons, and then about 27 minutes after the attempted launch, thelaunch escape system (LES) suddenly fired. Its exhaust caused the Blok I third stage propellant tanks to overheat and explode, killing one person on the ground and damaging the Soyuz and core stage/strap-ons beyond repair. LC-31 was also badly damaged and took seven months of repair work in the frigid Kazakhstan winter to be restored to use. The reason for the LES firing was thought to be either a timer being activated due to the Earth's rotation affecting the gyroscope package in the launch vehicle or perhaps one of the service towers bumping it.
In February 1967, the backup booster and spacecraft were set up at LC-1 and the planned mission could be carried out. Kosmos 140 was operated in alow Earth orbit, on 7 February 1967, it had aperigee of 165 km (103 mi), anapogee of 218 km (135 mi), aninclination of 51.7°, and anorbital period of 88.5 minutes.[2]
The spacecraft sufferedattitude control problems and excessive fuel consumption in orbit, but remained controllable. An attempted maneuver on the 22nd orbit still showed problems with the control system. It malfunctioned yet again during retrofire, leading to a steeper than plannedballistic reentry and a 30 centimetres (12 in) hole being burned in the heat shield.[1]
Although the event would have been lethal to any human occupants, the capsule's recovery systems operated and the capsule crashed through the ice of the frozenAral Sea, hundreds of kilometers short of its landing zone. The spacecraft finally sank in 10 metres of water and had to be retrieved by divers. The test performance was nonetheless deemed "good enough"; the crewed docking missions ofSoyuz 1 andSoyuz 2 was approved for the next flight.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.| Main topics |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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