Konstantinos Koukidis | |
|---|---|
 Plaque in memory of Konstantinos Koukidis | |
| Born | 1922 |
| Died | (1941-04-27)27 April 1941 Acropolis |
| Cause of death | Suicide by jumping |
| Known for | AllegedEvzone who resisted the Nazi invasion ofGreece |
The nameKonstantinos Koukidis (Greek:Κωνσταντίνος Κουκίδης) is used to refer to the allegedGreekEvzone or member of theNational Youth Organisation who was on flag guard duty on 27 April 1941 at theAcropolis of Athens, the dayWehrmacht forces entered Athens and began theAxis occupation of Greece. After the first Germans climbed up the Acropolis, an officer ordered him to surrender, give up the Greek flag, and raise theNazi swastika flag in its place. Koukidis instead supposedly chose to stay loyal to his duty by hauling down the flag, wrapping it around his body, and jumping from the Acropolis rock to his death.
The first correspondence about the event occurred on 9 May 1941, and it since has been sporadically mentioned through eye witnesses and personal memoirs of supposed friends of Koukidis, mostly everyOhi Day.
Despite that, in October 2000, then-mayor of AthensDimitris Avramopoulos installed a commemorative plaque near the spot which the event supposedly took place, although he stated that there were no specific documentary evidence on Koukidis or his act, which modern historiography considers to be apocryphal.
According to popular narrative, Koukidis was a 17-year-old Evzone who had guard duty at the Acropolis on 27 April 1941, the day which the Wehrmacht entered Athens.[1] According to another version, he was a member of theNational Youth Organisation.[1] Nazis ordered him to lower the Greek flag and to raise the Nazi flag. Koukidis did not obey, lowered the Greek flag and, covering himself with the flag, committed suicide from the Acropolis.[1]
The first reference to the event took place on 9 May 1941, by the British newspaperDaily Mail. Archbishop of AthensCrysanthus also mentioned the event in his memoirs, as well as historian andSOE agentNicholas Hammond in his published diary in 1972.[2]
The entire story had been forgotten until 1982, when authors Kostas Chatzipateras and Maria Fafaliou mentioned Koukidis in their bookMemoirs 40-41.[1] In 1989, GreekHolocaust denierKonstantinos Plevris mentioned that the event is true and claimed that he had "the entire folder [of Koukidis and the event] from theHellenic Army General Staff" in his possession.[2] In 1994, a book released byCommunist Party of Greece,Έπεσαν για τη ζωή (They Died for Life), mentioned the alleged sacrifice.[2]
The head of the Hellenic Army General Staff History Department, Lt. General Ioannis Kakoudakis, in an interview forET1 state television in 2000, and the military history magazineΠόλεμος και Ιστορία in 2001 mentioned that, after research took place in the archives of the Greek Armed Forces as well as in Greek public institutions, no evidence of Koukidis had been found.[2]
The historianHagen Fleischer [de] claimed that the entire story about Koukidis traces its roots to a joke that was circulating the day the Wehrmacht entered Athens, and that the story had been publicized as a way to highlight heroes that did not become involved in internecine conflicts (i.e.Aris Velouchiotis).[3]
Themunicipality of Athens, under mayorDimitris Avramopoulos, erected in 2000 a commemorative plaque at the foot of the Acropolis, as well as in thePresidential Guard barracks. In his speech during the revelation of the monument, Avramopoulos mentioned that Koukidis is honored despite the fact that historical research does not lend credence to the actual existence of him or his supposed deed, and that the more important question is if the Greeks of todaywant him to exist.[4]
