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Counterclockwise (from upper right): Shukhov Tower, Myr Cinema, Ascension Cathedral, Konotop City Council Building, Konotop railway station and tram, Monument of Horse
The wordkonotop denotes a place where horses drowned, that is, any swampy, impassable place.[2] The word itself comes from "horses stomp", which was transformed into a noun with the help of the word-forming method of baseline.[3] Konotop is a common Slavic toponym; settlements with this name exist not only in Ukraine, but also in Poland, Belarus and Russia. In several dialects of Ukrainian, thekonotop (Ukrainian:конотоп) also refers to the herbaceous plant,common knotweed.
Some historians believe that Konotop as a settlement existed even before theMongol-Tatar invasion. According to legend, during the passage of the Tatar cavalry in the area, many horses and riders died in impassable swamps, leading to the area being calledkonotop — a swampy place where horses drowned.[4]
The city is located in northeastern Ukraine within theDnieper Lowland on the border ofPolesia and the forest-steppe and on both banks of theYezuch River [uk], which flows into the Seim River 12km north of the city. The Lypka River also flows through the city and theKukolka River [uk] flows nearby. There are several large dams on the rivers. The area of the city is 43.78 km².
Konotop belongs to the North Poltava highland region of the Left Bank-Dnieper forest-steppe province within Ukraine's forest-steppe zone.[5] Geostructurally, Konotop is located on the northeastern slope of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression. The surface is a lowland loess plain which is flat, gently undulating, and dissected by passage valleys, ravines, and gullies. It is composed mainly of the Dnieper moraine, water-glacial sandy-loamy formations.[6] Forest-steppe pine landscapes and upland landscapes prevail in combination with meadow-steppe lowlands. Paleogene rocks are represented by sands, sandstones and marls. The cadastral score of the local soil is, on average, 64 points.
Konotop administratively bordersSadove Village [uk] in the northwest, with the village of Raky in the northeast, with the villages of Pidlypne and Pryvokzalne in the south, with the village of Popivka in the west.
Konotop has a warm-summerhumid continentalclimate (KöppenDfb). Sitting in the mid latitudes, it is continental with moderate precipitation. More continental climates at the same latitude – such asRegina, Saskatchewan in Canada – have much colder winters than Konotop, suggesting that there is still significant moderation from theAtlantic Ocean.
Climate data for Konotop (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)
In the beginning of the 17th century,Cossacks were first based in the area. The settlement was first mentioned in 1634 in various documents as Novoselytsia. In 1642 a Polish fortress was built in the area, named after the river Konotopka. It is likely that the river disappeared before another one, Yezuch, was formed. The fortification became a key point in the struggle againstMuscovy.
Another hypothesis is that the name of the city originated from the name of the ancientWarmianknyaz Christopher of Kononowitz of the noblePolish-Lithuanian familyKononowicz-Piłsudski which exists to this day and uses thePolish coat of arms ofRadwan.[9] The name "Konotop" would then mean “the place of Kono(nowitz)” from adjoining thesuffixtopos (cf. Ancient Greekτόπος) meaningplace orlocation.
DuringWorld War II, Konotop was occupied by theGerman Army from 3 September 1941 to 6 September 1943. Details of this are recounted in the bookThe Forgotten Soldier byGuy Sajer. The Germans operated a Nazi prison in the city.[12] The Stalag 310prisoner-of-war camp was based in the city from July 1942 until May 1943, when it was moved toZaporizhzhia.[13] In 1943, Konotop was the location of the Stalag 384 POW camp and a subcamp of the Dulag 102 transit POW camp.[13]
On 25 February 2022, during the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city was reported to beunder siege by Russian forces on their way toKyiv.[14] Some Ukrainian officials later reportedly claimed that the city had fallen,[15] but according to sources published later, the Russian military failed in its attempt to take Konotop on 25 February.[16] Mayor Artem Seminikhin stated on 2 March that Russian troops who had entered the city had warned him that they would destroy the city by shelling if the residents resisted them.[17] Russian vehicles deployed outside the city council were surrounded by locals.[18] Seminikhin asked the residents of the city whether they wanted to fight or surrender; the residents "overwhelmingly" refused to surrender.[17][19] Later in the day, an agreement was reached under which Russian forces accepted not to change the city's government or deploy troops, in return for which the residents would not attack them.[16] On 3 April, Ukrainian MP Oleksandr Kachura stated on Twitter that all Russian forces had leftKonotop Raion.[20] On 4 April 2022Sumy Oblast's GovernorDmytro Zhyvytskyi stated that Russian troops no longer occupied any towns or villages in Sumy Oblast and had mostly withdrawn, while Ukrainian troops were working to push out the remaining units.[21]
The main industrial enterprises of the city include the Konotop Casting and Mechanical Plant, the Motordetal Plant, the Konotop Fittings Plant, the Konotop Car Repair Plant, the Aviakon Aircraft Repair Plant, a mechanical plant, a garment factory, a meat processing plant (Konotopmyaso OJSC), a dairy plant, and a bakery plant. Konotop is an important mechanical engineering and food production center.
The city is an important transportation center. Various railroad connections from Konotop include:Moscow–Kyiv,Simferopol–Minsk,Bakhmach–Kyiv,Bryansk–Sumy/Belgorod. Furthermore, Konotop is one of the smallest cities in the country with its owntram system.
^Янко Микола Тимофійович. Топонімічний словник України: словник-довідник / М. Т. Янко; Міжнар. фонд «Відродження». — Київ: Знання, 1998. — С. 186
^Мурзаєв Е. М. К // Словарь народных географических терминов : [рос.]. — М. : Мысль, 1984. — 656 с. — 50 000 екз.
^Коното́п // Кругляк Ю. М. Ім'я вашого міста : Походження назв міст і селищ міського типу Української РСР. — К. : Наукова думка, 1978. — 152 с.
^Фізико-географічне районування України. Архів оригіналу за 29 березня 2019. Процитовано 22 жовтня 2019.
^Географіка. Фізико-географічні області лісостепової зони. Ч.3.http://geografica.net.ua/. Архів оригіналу за 10 квітня 2019. Процитовано 18 жовтня 2019.
^Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich (in Polish). Vol. IV. Warszawa. 1883. p. 351.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^abMegargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 71,297–298, 382.ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
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