| Sre | |
|---|---|
| Kơho | |
| Native to | Vietnam |
Native speakers | 200,000 (2019 census)[1] |
| Latin script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:kpm – Kơhocma – Maa |
| Glottolog | koho1243 |
Koho orK'Ho is aSouth Bahnaric language spoken by theKoho people andMạ people, mainly in theLâm Đồng Province ofVietnam. It is very close to theMnong language.
The autonym of the Kơho people iskon cau (IPA:[kɔn.caw]) while Koho (IPA:[kəˈhɔ]) is aCham exonym.[2]
There are at least twelve Kơho dialect groups for the area: Chil (Cil, Til); Kalop (Tulop); Kơyon (Kodu, Co-Don); Làc (Làt, Lach); Mà (Mạ, Maa); Nồp (Nop, Xre Nop, Noup); Pru; Ryông Tô (Riồng, Rion); Sop, Sre (Chau Sơre, Xrê); Talà (To La); and Tring (Trinh). Although Mạ/Maa is a Koho dialect group, theMạ people identify as a separate ethnic group.[3][2]
Data below are from Olsen (2015).[2]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Voiceless | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | cʰ | kʰ | ||
| Voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
| Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t | c | k | ʔ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | /i/ | /ɨ~ɯ/ | /u/ |
| Close-mid | /e/ | /ǝ/ | /o/ |
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ | /ɔ/ | |
| Low | /a/ | /ɑ/ |
Compounding is a common way of coining new words in Koho. Some examples:
One of the more productive prefixes in Sre is the causativetơn-[tən-], converts intransitiveverbs to causative verbs. If the prefixed verbs have a nasal initial, then the nasal cluster avoidance rule applied.
| Word | Meaning | Prefixed form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| duh[duh] | to be hot | tơnduh[tənduh] | to make hot |
| chơt[cʰət] | to die | tơnchơt[təncʰət] | to kill |
| ring[riŋ] | to be flat, level, equal | tơnring[tənriŋ] | to equalize, make right |
| mut[mut] | to enter | tơmut[təmut] | to make enter |
| muu[muː] | to descend, go down | tơmuu[təmuː] | to make descend, to lower |
