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Kniphofia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae
"Red hot poker" redirects here. For the implement, seeFire iron.

Kniphofia
Kniphofia uvaria
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Monocots
Order:Asparagales
Family:Asphodelaceae
Subfamily:Asphodeloideae
Genus:Kniphofia
Moench
Synonyms[1]
  • NotosceptrumBenth.
  • Rudolpho-roemeriaSteud. ex Hochst.
  • TriclissaSalisb.
  • TrioclesSalisb.
  • TritomaKer Gawl.
  • TritomantheLink
  • TritomiumLink

Kniphofia (/nɪpˈhoʊfiə/,[2]/nɪˈfoʊfiə/[3]) is agenus ofperennialflowering plants in thefamilyAsphodelaceae, first described as a genus in 1794.[4] All species ofKniphofia arenative toAfrica. Common names includetritoma,red hot poker,torch lily andpoker plant.

Description

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The genus hasherbaceous and evergreen species. The herbaceous species and hybrids have narrow, grass-like leaves 10–100 cm (4–39 in) long, whileevergreen species have broader, strap-shaped foliage up to 1.5 m (5 ft) long. All plants produce spikes of upright, brightly coloured flowers well above the foliage, in shades of red, orange and yellow, often bicoloured.[5] The flowers produce copious nectar while blooming and are attractive to bees andsunbirds. In theNew World, they may attractnectarivores such ashummingbirds andNew World orioles.

Taxonomy

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The genusKniphofia was first erected byConrad Moench in 1794.[6] Moench considered the species he was describing (nowKniphofia uvaria) sufficiently different fromCarl Linnaeus's genusAletris and fromVeltheimia to warrant a new genus.[7] The name honoursJohann Hieronymus Kniphof, an 18th-century German physician and botanist.[8]

Species

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As of February 2025[update],Plants of the World Online accepted 73 species, including two hybrids.[1]

Cultivation

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Several species ofKniphofia are cultivated as garden plants, valued for their architectural properties. These includeK. galpini,K. northiae,K. rooperi andK. thomsonii.

In addition to the species, many namedcultivars of mixed or uncertain parentage have been selected for garden use. The following have gained theRoyal Horticultural Society'sAward of Garden Merit:-[10]

  • 'Barton Fever'[11] (orange-white, 100 cm)
  • 'Bees' Sunset'[12] (yellow, 90 cm)
  • 'Brimstone'[13] (sulphur yellow, 90 cm)
  • 'Buttercup'[14] (clear yellow, 75 cm)
  • 'Coral Flame'[15] (coral red, 90 cm)
  • 'Fiery Fred'[16] (orange, 130 cm)
  • 'Incandesce'[17] (orange, 140 cm)
  • 'Innocence'[18] (red-yellow, 110 cm)
  • 'Jonathan'[19] (red-orange, 130 cm)
  • 'Moonstone'[20] (yellow, 120 cm)
  • 'Nobilis'[21] (evergreen, orange and yellow, 150 cm+)
  • 'Penny Rockets'[22] (orange, 100 cm)
  • 'Primrose Upward'[23] (yellow, 115 cm)
  • 'Rich Echoes'[24] (orange-yellow, 120 cm)
  • 'Royal Standard'[25] (red and yellow, 90 cm)
  • 'Safranvogel'[26] (peach pink, 80 cm)
  • 'Samuel's Sensation'[27] (red-yellow, 150 cm)
  • 'Sunningdale Yellow'[28] (orange and yellow, 60 cm)
  • 'Tawny King'[29] (cream/brown, 120 cm)
  • 'Timothy'[30] (orange, 100 cm)
  • 'Toffee Nosed'[31] (cream/brown, 100 cm)
  • 'Wrexham Buttercup'[32] (yellow, 120 cm)

Gallery

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Kniphofia Moench".Plants of the World Online.Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved2025-02-21.
  2. ^Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  3. ^Wells, John C. (2008).Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman.ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  4. ^Stevens, P.F.,Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Asphodeloideae
  5. ^RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom:Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.ISBN 978-1405332965.
  6. ^"Kniphofia Moench".International Plant Names Index (IPNI).Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;Harvard University Herbaria &Libraries;Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved2025-02-21.
  7. ^Moench, Carl (1794)."Kniphofia".Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis (in Latin). Marburgh. pp. 631–632. Retrieved2025-02-21.
  8. ^Johnson, A.T. & Smith, H.A. (1972).Plant Names Simplified : Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning. Buckenhill, Herefordshire: Landsmans Bookshop.ISBN 978-0-900513-04-6. p. 59.
  9. ^"Kniphofia reflexa". Redlist.org. Retrieved2012-05-13.
  10. ^"AGM Plants - Ornamental"(PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 57. Retrieved14 March 2018.
  11. ^"Kniphofia 'Barton Fever'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  12. ^"Kniphofia 'Bees' Sunset'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  13. ^"Kniphofia 'Brimstone'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  14. ^"Kniphofia 'Buttercup'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  15. ^"Kniphofia 'Coral Flame'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  16. ^"Kniphofia 'Fiery Fred'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  17. ^"Kniphofia 'Incandesce'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  18. ^"Kniphofia 'Innocence'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  19. ^"Kniphofia 'Jonathan'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  20. ^"Kniphofia 'Moonstone'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  21. ^"Kniphofia 'Nobilis'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  22. ^"Kniphofia 'Penny Rockets'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  23. ^"Kniphofia 'Primrose Upward'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  24. ^"Kniphofia 'Rich Echoes'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  25. ^"Kniphofia 'Royal Standard'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  26. ^"Kniphofia 'Safranvogel'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  27. ^"Kniphofia 'Samuel's Sensation'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  28. ^"Kniphofia 'Sunningdale Yellow'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  29. ^"Kniphofia 'Tawny King'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  30. ^"Kniphofia 'Timothy'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  31. ^"Kniphofia 'Toffee Nosed'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.
  32. ^"Kniphofia 'Wrexham Buttercup'". RHS. Retrieved27 September 2020.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toKniphofia.
Kniphofia
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