Augenthaler was born inFürstenzell,Bavaria, West Germany.[3] He played generally in the position ofcentre-back or, especially in the later part of his career, as asweeper.
Augenthaler joined Bayern Munich in 1975 and made hisBundesliga debut for the club in 1977, scoring in a 3-0 win overBorussia Dortmund.[4] He won the Bundesliga for the first time in1980, and Bayern retained the title in1981.[5] Augenthaler played for Bayern in1982 European Cup final againstAston Villa and came close to scoring twice, but Bayern ultimately lost 1-0, becoming the first ever Bayern team to lose a final.[6]
In 1984 Augenthaler became Bayern captain, which he would remain until his retirement in 1991. Bayern won the league again in his first season as captain and Augenthaler, playing as a libero, was one of the league's best defensive players in a Bayern defence that conceded fewer than any other team.[7][8]
In November 1985 Augenthaler committed one of the most infamous fouls in Bundesliga history, injuringWerder Bremen's star playerRudi Völler with a tackle which badly injured Völler and forced him to miss almost the entire remainder of the season. Augenthaler received death threats from Bremen fans after the incident and was booed by fans of other clubs around the country.[9][10]
Bayern lost anotherEuropean Cup final in1986–87, though Augenthaler was suspended for the final after being sent off for a slap onHugo Sánchez in the semi-final.[11]
During his final season with Bayern, Augenthaler scored a last-minute own goal in the1990–91 European Cup semi-final againstRed Star Belgrade which knocked Bayern out.[13]
In his years withBayern Munich, Augenthaler won the Bundesliga title seven times and theDFB-Pokal three times. He played 404 Bundesliga matches[14] and made 89 appearances in European cup competitions[15] for Bayern.
Between 1983 and 1990, he played 27 times[16] forWest Germany, with which he won theWorld Cup 1990 in Italy in the final againstArgentina (1–0). He was also part of the squad that reached the final of the1986 World Cup.
In the winter break of 1999–2000, Augenthaler left Graz and took over1. FC Nürnberg on 2 March 2000,[19] then in thesecond division, leading them to promotion.
On 29 April 2003, Nürnberg sacked Augenthaler,[20] as the club was facing relegation. He took over the reins atBayer 04 Leverkusen in May 2003.[21] He managed to save the club from relegation and stayed on there until September 2005.[22]
In December of that same year, he was hired byVfL Wolfsburg.[23] His undistinguished time there ended shortly before the end of the season 2006–07.[24] On 23 March 2010, he signed a half-year contract withSpVgg Unterhaching and replacedMatthias Lust.[25] His contract was terminated on 3 June 2011.[26]
Augenthaler rejected contract offers from China and Turkey due to a lack of interest.[27] He applied to become the new head coach of1860 Munich in 2015.[27]