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Kitsman Кіцмань Coțmani • קאצמאן | |
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 City Hall | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kitsman Location of Kitsman Show map of Chernivtsi Oblast Kitsman Kitsman (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:48°26.5′N25°45.6′E / 48.4417°N 25.7600°E /48.4417; 25.7600 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Chernivtsi Oblast |
| Raion | Chernivtsi Raion |
| Hromada | Kitsman urban hromada |
| First chronicled | 1413 |
| City rights | 1798 |
| Government | |
| • City Head | Serhij Buleha |
| Elevation | 232 m (761 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 6,049 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 59300-06 |
Kitsman (Ukrainian:Кіцмань[ˈkitsmɐnʲ]ⓘ;Romanian:Coțmani, olderCozmeni orChițmani;Yiddish:קאצמאן,romanized: Kotzman) is acity located inChernivtsi Raion,Chernivtsi Oblast, in the historical region ofBukovina of westernUkraine. It hosts the administration ofKitsman urban hromada, one of thehromadas of Ukraine.[1] The town is about 20 km (12 mi) northwest fromChernivtsi on the road toZalishchyky. Population:6,049 (2022 estimate).[2] 5,963 (2023 estimate).[3]
The original name — Cozmeni — is derived from the Romanian/Moldavian surname "Cozma" and had the meaning of "Cozma's kin settlement". Forming a village name from an existing name by adding the "-eni" suffix is widely spread in the Romanian speaking area. After the Habsburg annexation it was easier for the German speaking administration to use the "-mann" ending.
According other interpretations, the old surnameKitzman/Kotzman (and variations thereof) originated inJewish culture, which had gradually become more common in parts of western Ukraine. The name wasoccupational and derivative ofHebrew roots; shortening the phrasekohen Tsedek ("priest of righteousness").
Moldavia 1413–1775
Habsburg monarchy 1775–1804
Kingdom of Romania 1918–1940
Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR) 1940–1941
Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR) 1944–1991
The first historical mention of Kitsman is dated to 1413, which also appears on the city's crest. Kuzmyn Forest (Codrii Cozminului), woods are situated betweenSiret andPrut valleys next to the town are named so, because they are traversed by the roads that connectSuceava, the Middle Ages' capital of thePrincipality of Moldavia, with what was then its boundary town of Cozmin / Kozmyn (modern villageValia Kuzmyna inChernivtsi Raion).
Just before theHabsburg annexation of this part of the Principality of Moldavia, both Romanian principalities (Moldavia andWallachia) (at the time,Ottoman vassals) were invaded by Czarist Russia's army as a stage of a Russo-Turkish war. During the Russian occupation, Field-Marshal CountPyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev ordered a census in these two principalities. According this census, the population in Cozmeni/Kitsman in 1774 comprised 105 Romanian families, one Jewish, and 15 "Russian".[clarification needed] The term "Russians" covered Ruthenians/Ukrainians, Muscovite Russians, andLipovans all together in the quoted census).[4][clarification needed]
In the Austrian period (1774–1918), Kitsman (known as Kotzman/Kotzmann in German), as part of theDuchy of Bukovina, was the seat of the planning section of the district administration and it had a district court and a public school opened under the name of "Moldavische Trivialschule" (German for "Moldavian Elementary School"), where instruction was given in the Romanian language initially (1780s), then in German language (mid 19th century) and then Ruthenian (Ukrainian) language. From an ethnic perspective, the Austrian Empire supported Ruthenization – to keep the native Moldavians away from Moldavia (1774–1859) and away from Romania (after theUnification of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 to form modern Romania); while from a religious perspective, the Austrians promoted theGreek Catholic Church, to keep the population away from the other neighbor – Orthodox Russia.
The farmers from the 13 surrounding villages brought their produce to the market in Kitsman.
In November 1918, right afterWorld War I, theunion of Bukovina with Romania was declared. During the period of Romanian rule (1918–1944), the Romanian authorities viewed the Ukrainians (Ruthenes) as Ruthenized Romanians and attempted to reverse such a process by prioritizing schooling in Romanian.
After theMolotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, the Soviet Unionoccupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina (including theHertsa region) in June 1940. In June 1941, Romania enteredWorld War II on the side of theAxis and re-established control over the region. The 1940 process was wrongly associated with the Jewish population; thus, Jews were seen by some as enemies of the state whose suppression was one of the goals of the state, while others, such as the mayor ofCernăuți,Traian Popovici, worked hard to save the Jews from deportation.[5]
A local newspaper has been published here since June 1, 1941.[6]
In January 1989 the population was 9,500 people,[7][8] while in January 2013 the population was 6,762 people.[9]
Until 18 July 2020, Kitsman served as an administrative center ofKitsman Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Kitsman Raion was split between Chernivtsi Raion andVyzhnytsia Raion, with Kitsman being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.[10][11]
Out of the population of 6,000 that Kitsman had[when?], approximately 700 (11.6%) wereJews who had emigrated from nearby areas ofGalicia at the beginning of the 19th century and who dealt mainly with commerce in agricultural products. They also were occupied ascraftsmen and were practically the only representatives of the intellectual professions. There were Jews in the ranks of the judges and in the bureaucracy. To name a few, Nathan Seidmann, a clerk in the planning section of the district administration in Kitsman who in his time as a member of the executive committee 2 during the years 1921 to 1927 and intermittently as chairman of the Zionist organization, performed notable service.[citation needed] Before 1914, the Jews and the Ruthenian (Ukrainian) population of the town and the surrounding villages co-existed in peace.
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