Kitanemuk is an extinct NorthernUto-Aztecan language of theSerran branch. It is very closely related toSerrano, and may have been a dialect. Before its extinction, it was spoken in theSan Gabriel Mountains and foothill environs ofSouthern California. The last speakers, Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, and Refugia Duran, lived some time in the 1940s, though the last fieldwork was carried out in 1937.J. P. Harrington took copious notes in 1916 and 1917, however, which allowed for a fairly detailed knowledge of the language.
The consonant phonemes of Kitanemuk, as reconstructed by Anderton (1988) based on Harrington's field notes, were (with some standardAmericanist phonetic notation in⟨angle brackets⟩:
