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Kisi language (Tanzania)

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Bantu language of Tanzania

Not to be confused withKissi language orGusii language.

Kisi
Kikisi
Native to	Tanzania
Ethnicity	15,000Kisi (2012)^[1]
Native speakers	11,000 (2012)^[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Bena–Kinga (G60) Kisi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`kiz`
Glottolog	`kisi1243`
Guthrie code	`G.67`^[2]
Linguasphere	99-AUS-re

Kisi is aBantu language ofTanzania. Though only half or so of theKisi people speak the language, use is vigorous where it is still spoken.

Phonology

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Consonant phonemes in Kisi
		Labial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d	ɟ	ɡ
	prenasalised	ᵐb	ⁿd	ᶮɟ	ᵑɡ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s			h
Fricative	voiced	β		ʝ	ɣ
Affricative				tʃ
Liquid			l

Consonant phonemes in Kisi that occur only through morphological interaction
	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Post alveolar/ palatal	Velar
Prenasalised voiceless plosives	^mp^h		ⁿt^h		ᵑk^h
Prenasalised voiceless fricatives		ᶬf	ⁿs
Prenasalized voiceless affricatives				ⁿtʃ
Aspirated nasals	m^h		n^h	ɲ^h

Other phonemes:

[ɾ] and [l] are in a free variation.
[w] and [j] are not included in a phoneme chart in Kisi because they only occur as glide insertion between historically or morphologically adjacent vowels. [w] does not occur otherwise. For some speakers, [j] occurs as a free variant of [ʝ] which is considered incorrect by other speakers.

Vowels phoneme in Kisi
	Front	Central	Back
High - degree 1	i i:		u u:
High - degree 2	ɪ ɪ:		ʊ ʊ:
Mid	e e:		o o:
Low		a a:

Contrastive and obligatory length is marked with /:/. This does not necessarily reflect a difference in the length of production.

Diphthongs in Kisi
Symbol	Example words	Meaning
[e]-[i] [beⁱ]	Swahili: bei	'price'
[a]-[o] [ᵑɡa^o]	Swahili: ngao	'shield'

Swahili: bei, and Swahili: ngao - These Swahili words have been borrowed into Kisi and pronounced with a diphthong in Kisi

References

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^^a ^bKisi atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.New Updated Guthrie List Online

Bibliography

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Gray, Hazel (2018)."Kisi Phonology and Morphology".SIL International. (in Kisi). Archived from the original on 2018-12-19. Retrieved2018-12-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Ngonyani, Deogratias S. "Aspects of Non-Concatenative Morphology in Kikisi."Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics, 6(1): 40-59.

Languages of Tanzania

Official languages

Indigenous
languages

Bantu

Northeast
Bantu

Bena–Kinga	Bena Hehe Kinga Kisi Manda Pangwa Sangu Vwanji
Chaga	Central Kilimanjaro Mochi Gweno Rombo Rusa West Kilimanjaro
Great Lakes	Ha Hangaza Ikizu Ikoma Jita Kabwa Kara Kerewe Kuria Kwaya Ngoreme Nyambo Suba-Simbiti Sumbwa Vinza Zanaki Zinza
Kikuyu–Kamba	Sonjo
Northeast Coast	Digo Doe Gogo Kagulu Kami Kutu Kwere Luguru Ngulu Sagara Shambala Vidunda Zaramo
Takama	Holoholo Iramba Isanzu Kimbu Nyamwezi Sukuma Turu

Other Bantu

Isolates/unclassified

Sign languages

7 school sign languages

NarrowBantu languages (Zones E–H) (byGuthrie classification)

Zone E

[J]E10	[J]E11Nyoro [J]E12Tooro [J]E13Nyankore [J]E14Ciga [J]E15Ganda [J]E16Soga [J]E17Gwere [J]E18Nyala [JE101Gungu JE102Talinga-Bwisi JE103Ruli JE121Hema
[J]E20	[J]E21Nyambo [J]E22Ziba [J]E23Dzindza [J]E24Kerebe [J]E25Jita [JE221Rashi JE251Kwaya JE252Kara JE253Ruri
[J]E30	[J]E31aGisu [J]E31bKisu [J]E31cBukusu [J]E32aHanga [J]E32bTsotso [J]E33Nyore [J]E34Saamia [J]E35Nyuli [JE341Xaayo JE342Marachi JE343Songa
[J]E40	[J]E41Logooli [J]E42Gusii [J]E43Koria [J]E44Zanaki [J]E45Nata E46Sonjo [JE401Nguruimi JE402Ikizu JE403Suba/Suba-Simbiti JE404Shashi JE405Kabwa JE406Singa JE407Ware JE411Idaxo JE412Isuxa JE413Tiriki JE431Simbiti JE432Hacha JE433Surwa JE434Sweta
E50	E51Kikuyu E52Embu E53Meru E54Saraka E55Kamba E56Daiso [E531Mwimbi-Muthambi E541Cuka
E60	E61[621a]Rwo E62a[621b,622a]Hai E62b[622c]Wunjo E62c[623]Rombo E63Rusa E64Kahe E65Gweno
E70	E71Pokomo E72aGyriama E72bKauma E72cConyi E72dDuruma E72eRabai E73Digo E74aDabida E74b[741]Sagala [E701Elwana E731Segeju E732Degere E74Taita

Zone F

F10	F11Tongwe F12Bende
[J]F20	[J]F21Sukuma [J]F22Nyamwezi [J]F23Sumbwa [J]F24Kimbu [J]F25Bungu
F30	F31Nilamba F32Remi F33Langi F34Mbugwe

Zone G

G10	G11Gogo G12Kaguru
G20	G21Tubeta G22Asu G23Shambala G24Bondei [G221Mbugu
G30	G31Zigula G32Ngwele G33Zaramo G34Ngulu G35Ruguru G36Kami G37Kutu G38Vidunda G39Sagala [G301Doe G311Mushungulu
G40	G41Tikuu G42aAmu G42bMvita G42cMrima G42dUnguja G43aPhemba G43bTumbatu G43cHadimu G44aNgazija G44bNjuani [G402Makwe G403Mwani G404Sidi G411Socotra Swahili G412Mwiini
G50	G51Pogolo G52Ndamba
G60	G61Sango G62Hehe G63Bena G64Pangwa G65Kinga G66Wanji G67Kisi [G651Magoma

Zone H

H10	H11Beembe H12Vili H13Kunyi H14Ndingi H15Mboka H16aSouth Kongo H16bCentral Kongo H16cYombe H16dFiote H16eBwende H16fLaadi H16gEast Kongo H16hSoutheast Kongo [H111Hangala H112Kamba-Doondo H131Suundi
H20	H21aKimbundu H21bMbamba H22Sama H23Bolo H24Songo
H30	H31Yaka H32Suku H33 [L12b]Hungu H34Mbangala H35Sinji [H321Soonde
H40	H41Mbala H42Hunganna

Italics indicateextinct languages.
Languages between parentheses arevarieties of the language on their left.

TheGuthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.

Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates: Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)

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