Kirksville, Missouri | |
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 Seal  Logo | |
 Location within Adair County, Missouri | |
  Kirksville Location within Missouri Show map of Missouri Kirksville Location within the United States Show map of the United States | |
| Coordinates:40°11′55″N92°34′31″W / 40.19861°N 92.57528°W /40.19861; -92.57528[1] | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Missouri |
| County | Adair |
| Township | Benton |
| Platted | 1841 |
| Incorporated | 1857 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council-manager government |
| • Mayor | Zac Burden |
| • City Manager | Mari Macomber |
| • City Council | List
|
| Area | |
• Total | 14.42 sq mi (37.36 km2) |
| • Land | 14.39 sq mi (37.26 km2) |
| • Water | 0.039 sq mi (0.10 km2) |
| Elevation | 968 ft (295 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 17,530 |
| • Density | 1,218.5/sq mi (470.48/km2) |
| Demonym | Kirksvillian |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 63501 |
| Area code | 660 |
| FIPS code | 29-39026 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2395547[1] |
| Website | www |
Kirksville is thecounty seat of and most populouscity inAdair County, Missouri, United States.[1] Located inBenton Township, its population was 17,530 at the2020 census.[3] Kirksville is home to three colleges:Truman State University,Moberly Area Community College, andA.T. Still University.
Kirksville was laid out in 1841 on a 40-acre (0.06 sq mi; 16.19 ha) site, and was first incorporated in 1857.[4]
According to tradition Jesse Kirk, Kirksville's firstpostmaster, shared a dinner ofturkey andwhiskey withsurveyors working in the area on the condition that they would name the town after him.[5] Not only the first postmaster, Kirk was also the first to own a hotel and a tavern in Kirksville.
Contrary to popular belief, the name of the city has no connection to John Kirk, onetime president of Truman State University from 1899 to 1925. However, the grandson of Jesse Kirk reported that the town was named for Kirk's son John, a figure of local legend credited with killing two deer with a single bullet. "Hopkinsville" was explained as a joking reference to the peculiar gait of John Kirk's lame father-in-law, David Sloan; the jocular name was discarded when the village was selected for the seat of justice in Adair County.[6]
The Battle of Kirksville was fought August 6–9, 1862, during theAmerican Civil War. Union troops led byJohn McNeil forced Confederate volunteers underJoseph Porter to vacate the city. Casualty estimates (almost entirely Confederate) range from 150-200 dead and up to 400 wounded. According to the August 12, 1862,Quincy Herald there were 8 Federal dead and 25 wounded. The victorious Union commander, Colonel McNeil, gained brief national attention for his post-battle execution of a small number of Confederate prisoners. These prisoners had been previously captured in battle and then paroled with the understanding they would no longer take up arms against the Union, upon penalty of death if recaptured. Nonetheless, Confederate government officials were outraged, and it is said that Confederate president Jefferson Davis even called for the execution of Colonel (later Brigadier General) McNeil if he were to be captured.
On the evening of April 27, 1899, an F4tornado passing through Adair County cut a path of destruction three blocks wide, killed 34 people and destroyed hundreds of buildings.[7] The popular song "Just as the Storm Passed O'er" was based on the event, and theKimball Piano Company exploited the incident for its advertising, when one of their instruments was carried a long distance by the tornado but still found in working condition.[8]
On May 13, 2009, Kirksville was again the victim of a large tornado. AnEF2 tornado struck the northern edge of Kirksville destroying or severely damaging many homes, several businesses, a car dealership, and at least one factory. Two residents living just outside the city limits were killed by the tornado, and as many as a dozen other area residents were injured.[9] The story and extensive video of the 2009 twister was featured in season 3, episode 4 ofStorm Chasers on theDiscovery Channel[10] as well as a 2010 episode ofStorm Stories onThe Weather Channel.
TheAdair County Courthouse,Bear Creek Baptist Church,Dockery Hotel,Grim Building,Capt. Thomas C. Harris House,Journal Printing Company Building,Kirksville Courthouse Square Historic District,Drs. George and Blanche Laughlin House,Masonic Temple,Dr. E. Sanborn Smith House,Orie J. Smith Black and White Stock Farm Historic District,Sojourners Club,Travelers Hotel, andTrinity Episcopal Church are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.[11][12][13]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.43 square miles (37.37 km2), of which, 14.39 square miles (37.27 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) is water.[14]
Kirksville has a hot-summerhumid continental climate (KöppenDfa). Summers are warm and humid, while winters are cold and snowy. Precipitation is highest in the summer months, and is mostly produced bythunderstorms (a few of which can becomesevere).
| Climate data for Kirksville, Missouri (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 70 (21) | 78 (26) | 85 (29) | 93 (34) | 101 (38) | 106 (41) | 113 (45) | 111 (44) | 104 (40) | 95 (35) | 93 (34) | 74 (23) | 113 (45) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 56.7 (13.7) | 62.7 (17.1) | 74.5 (23.6) | 82.1 (27.8) | 85.3 (29.6) | 91.2 (32.9) | 95.8 (35.4) | 95.6 (35.3) | 89.5 (31.9) | 82.0 (27.8) | 70.5 (21.4) | 58.7 (14.8) | 97.4 (36.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 33.6 (0.9) | 38.4 (3.6) | 50.5 (10.3) | 62.4 (16.9) | 72.1 (22.3) | 81.4 (27.4) | 85.7 (29.8) | 84.3 (29.1) | 77.0 (25.0) | 64.6 (18.1) | 50.7 (10.4) | 38.6 (3.7) | 61.6 (16.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 24.3 (−4.3) | 28.7 (−1.8) | 39.8 (4.3) | 50.9 (10.5) | 61.7 (16.5) | 71.4 (21.9) | 75.6 (24.2) | 73.8 (23.2) | 65.6 (18.7) | 53.7 (12.1) | 40.7 (4.8) | 29.8 (−1.2) | 51.3 (10.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 15.1 (−9.4) | 19.0 (−7.2) | 29.2 (−1.6) | 39.5 (4.2) | 51.2 (10.7) | 61.3 (16.3) | 65.5 (18.6) | 63.3 (17.4) | 54.3 (12.4) | 42.9 (6.1) | 30.7 (−0.7) | 21.1 (−6.1) | 41.1 (5.1) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −4.8 (−20.4) | −0.5 (−18.1) | 10.7 (−11.8) | 24.5 (−4.2) | 36.4 (2.4) | 48.2 (9.0) | 54.5 (12.5) | 52.2 (11.2) | 37.9 (3.3) | 26.7 (−2.9) | 14.6 (−9.7) | −0.9 (−18.3) | −10.5 (−23.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −23 (−31) | −31 (−35) | −13 (−25) | 8 (−13) | 22 (−6) | 37 (3) | 46 (8) | 40 (4) | 25 (−4) | 1 (−17) | −10 (−23) | −23 (−31) | −31 (−35) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 1.39 (35) | 2.01 (51) | 2.67 (68) | 4.09 (104) | 5.79 (147) | 5.94 (151) | 4.85 (123) | 4.16 (106) | 4.18 (106) | 3.29 (84) | 2.32 (59) | 1.78 (45) | 42.47 (1,079) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.0 (15) | 4.6 (12) | 2.2 (5.6) | 0.8 (2.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 1.3 (3.3) | 4.0 (10) | 19.0 (48) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 5.5 | 6.6 | 8.4 | 11.1 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 103.6 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 2.8 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 10.2 |
| Source:NOAA[15][16] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 658 | — | |
| 1870 | 1,471 | 123.6% | |
| 1880 | 2,314 | 57.3% | |
| 1890 | 3,510 | 51.7% | |
| 1900 | 5,966 | 70.0% | |
| 1910 | 6,347 | 6.4% | |
| 1920 | 7,213 | 13.6% | |
| 1930 | 8,293 | 15.0% | |
| 1940 | 10,080 | 21.5% | |
| 1950 | 11,110 | 10.2% | |
| 1960 | 13,123 | 18.1% | |
| 1970 | 15,569 | 18.6% | |
| 1980 | 17,167 | 10.3% | |
| 1990 | 17,152 | −0.1% | |
| 2000 | 16,988 | −1.0% | |
| 2010 | 17,505 | 3.0% | |
| 2020 | 17,530 | 0.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[17] | |||
Kirksville anchors amicropolitan area that comprises Adair andSchuyler counties.
The2020 United States census[18] counted 17,530 people, 6,259 households, and 2,766 families in Kirksville. The population density was 1,218.2 per square mile (470.5/km2). There were 7,678 housing units at an average density of 533.6 per square mile (206.1/km2). The racial makeup was 82.28% (14,424)white, 7.25% (1,271)black or African-American, 0.22% (38)Native American, 3.65% (639)Asian, 0.06% (10)Pacific Islander, 1.15% (202) fromother races, and 5.4% (946) from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race was 1.9% (338) of the population.
Of the 6,259 households, 20.4% had children under the age of 18; 31.8% were married couples living together; 34.1% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 39.8% consisted of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.2.
17.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 35.7% from 18 to 24, 18.5% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23.7 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 86.6 males.
The 2016-2020 5-yearAmerican Community Survey[19] estimates show that the median household income was $36,228 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,059) and the median family income was $55,982 (+/- $8,114). Males had a median income of $21,690 (+/- $3,486) versus $12,899 (+/- $3,029) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $16,688 (+/- $2,033). Approximately, 10.6% of families and 28.8% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 19.2% of those under the age of 18 and 13.9% of those ages 65 or over.
As of thecensus[20] of 2010, there were 17,505 people, 6,714 households, and 3,066 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 1,216.5 inhabitants per square mile (469.7/km2). There were 7,434 housing units at an average density of 516.6 per square mile (199.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was
There were 6,714 households, of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.0% weremarried couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 54.3% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.90.
The median age in the city was 23.8 years. 16.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 36% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19% were from 25 to 44; 17.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.1% male and 53.9% female.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the population on July 1, 2017 was estimated to be 17,536.
As of thecensus[21] of 2000, there were 16,988 people, 6,583 households, and 2,975 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,624.0 inhabitants per square mile (627.0/km2). There were 7,303 housing units at an average density of 698.2 per square mile (269.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.38%White, 1.73%African American, 0.26%Native American, 1.93%Asian, 0.04%Pacific Islander, 0.59% fromother races, and 1.07% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 1.54% of the population.
There were 6,583 households, out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.8% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 15.6% under the age of 18, 37.6% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 14.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $22,836, and the median income for a family was $36,772. Males had a median income of $26,776 versus $22,309 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $14,388. About 14.4% of families and 30.6% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 20.7% of those under age 18 and 13.1% of those age 65 or over.
By 2015 a number of persons originating from theDemocratic Republic of the Congo settled in Kirksville; they first came to the U.S. throughdiversity visas.[22] Many found work at aFarmland Foods facility in nearbyMilan, Missouri. In 2014 five Congolese families lived in Kirksville.[23] By February 2016 almost 40 Congolese families resided in Kirksville,[24] totaling around 100 people.[23]
Prior to 2015 about half of the 20-25English as a second language program students in theKirksville R-III School District were of Hispanic origin, but the wave of Congolese students appeared by 2015, doubling the number of ESOL students and giving it a French-speaking population not previously present. Therefore, the district began expanding its ESOL program.[25]
Students and faculty fromTruman State University took steps to help the Congolese residents acclimate to life in Kirksville.[24]
According to Sana Camara of Truman State, many of the immigrants were well-educated, and the main barrier to success was specifically a lack of English knowledge.[26]
Kirksville is a Missouri Third-Class city, operating as acouncil-manager government. A paid city manager and staff handle the day-to-day operations and report to the city council.
Candidates for Kirksville city council are not required to have any party affiliation (i.e. Republican or Democrat) in order to run for office. The only requirements are to be at least 21 years of age, a United States citizen, to have lived in the city for at least one year prior to election, and to not have any outstanding/overdue city or county taxes. All members are elected in an "at large" representation basis versus any particular section or ward. Following each election, the councilmembers vote among themselves to choose a member to serve a one-year term as mayor. Council meetings are held the first and third Monday of each month. The Kirksville City Council Members as of Feb. 2021 were:[27]
The city of Kirksville provides residents with full-time fire and police departments, along with water, sewer, and street maintenance service. Citywide trash removal is contracted by the city with a private contractor, currently Advanced Disposal Environmental Service, and is mandatory for all residents or property owners. Recycling is optional. The city of Kirksville partners with other agencies to operate Kirk-Tran, an area bus service, and a county-wide E-911 Center.
Kirksville is home to three institutions of higher learning:
Primary and secondary schools, includingKirksville High School, are operated by theKirksville R-III School District.
Kirksville has apublic library, the Adair County Public Library.[28]
Paired withOttumwa, Iowa, Kirksville is amedia market region, ranked 201 byNielsen.
Television stations include dualABC/CBS affiliateKTVO (channel 3) andK30MG-D (channel 15;translator ofFox/NBC/The CW+ affiliateKYOU-TV channel 15 in Ottumwa).
Radio stations includeKTRM, a student radio from Truman State University; andKRXL, a classic rock station serving the Kirksville/Ottumwa region.
In print, Kirksville is served by theKirksville Daily Express,[29] Sundays through Fridays, and on Thursdays by theIndex, a weekly newspaper produced by students at Truman State University. The students of Truman State University also publish an alternative newspaper,The Monitor.
Truman students produce a weekly news broadcast, News 36, played on CableOne channel 3 and on their on-campus station, TruTV, on Tuesday and Thursday at 5:30pm, 9:00pm, 10:00pm, and 2:00am.
Kirksville is served by Kirk-Tran, which provides residents with a deviated fixed-route transit system and demand response service. The deviated fixed-route bus service is a single loop route operating hourly from 7:00am to 6:00pm Monday-Thursday, 7:00am to 9:00pm on Fridays and 9:00am to 9:00pm on Saturdays. There is no service on Sundays.[30]
Kirksville, by way ofLa Plata, is serviced byAmtrak'sSouthwest Chief which runs along theBNSF Railway. The distance fromTruman State University toLa Plata (Amtrak station) is approximately 12.5 miles (20.1 km).
Kirksville once had two operational railroads that ran through town. The east-west rail line was originally incorporated as the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad, which was renamed several times during financial restructuring and changing hands numerous times, until in 1897 it became the Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railroad. Financial problems continued, and it was operated by theChicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad after 1903 and later absorbed by that company, which in turn becameBurlington Northern in 1970. The portion of the line that ran west of Kirksville towards Green City was abandoned and eventually torn down in the early 1950s. The portion of the line that ran east of town towards Edina, Labelle, and West Quincy was scrapped in 1982–1983, after theStaggers Rail Act deregulated the rail industry. The depot which serviced along the Burlington Northern in Kirksville still stands along Elson Street just north of Cottonwood Street and plans are that it will be renovated.
Kirksville's other railroad, theWabash Railroad, became theNorfolk and Western Railway in October, 1964. This north-south line later became theNorfolk Southern Railway in 1982 after N&W merged withSouthern Railway. In April 1992, the last official NS train ran the line between Albia, IA and Moberly, MO as the railroad announced it would abandon the line due to a loss in profit. During the summer of 1993, the railroad reopened to train traffic as the floods of the midwest affected lines around the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Trains continued to run the line until 1995. After failed attempts from buyers wanting to purchase the line and turn it into a shortline railroad, work began on tearing down the railroad from Moberly, MO northward toward La Plata, MO where it has a connection with the BNSF Railway and from Moulton, IA southward toward La Plata, MO. The portion of the line from Moulton, IA northward towards Albia was purchased by theAppanoose County Community Railroad. In late September 1997, the tracks through Kirksville were finally torn out, leaving the city without a rail line. The project to tear out the abandoned line was completed by the end of 1997.
The City of Kirksville operates theKirksville Regional Airport (formerly Clarence Cannon Airport), four miles (6 km) south of the city by the village ofMillard.
In 1952, theUnited States Air Force opened aradar base that was home to the 790th Radar Squadron, an Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, inSublette, about 10 mi (16 km) north of Kirksville. The Air Force inactivated the 790th Radar Squadron in 1968. TheFederal Aviation Administration took over running the radar and most of the surrounding 78.51 acres (317,700 m2) were given toNortheast Missouri State University.[31] The current radar, an Air Route Surveillance Radar - Model 3, is a long-range radar that feeds data to air traffic control centers that control aircraft flying over the region.
Five fatal airplane accidents have occurred near Kirksville:
Kirksville is served by twowatersheds. Hazel Creek Lake (530 acres), formed in 1982, was first used as a water source the next year. The larger water source, Forrest Lake (640 acres), was formed by the city in the 1950s when adam was constructed across Big Creek. Forrest Lake anchors theThousand Hills State Park, located just west of the city and is named in honor of former Missouri GovernorForrest Smith.[34][35]
Kirksville trash pick-up is currently conducted through the Advanced Disposal ofMacon, MO. The company also picks up recycling and yard waste for the city. Most residents receive electrical service fromAmerenUE, although a portion of the city receives it from Tri-County Electric, an R.E.C. co-op.Liberty Utilities is thenatural gas supplier for the Kirksville area.
Municipalities and communities ofAdair County, Missouri,United States | ||
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| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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