| 1920–1936: Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic Казахская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика (Russian) Қазақ Автономиялы Социалистік Кеңестік Республикасы (Kazakh) | |||||||||
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| ASSR of theRussian SFSR | |||||||||
| 1920–1936 | |||||||||
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| • Type | UnitarySovietRepublic | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1920 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1936 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Kazakhstan Russia Turkmenistan Uzbekistan | ||||||||
TheKazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic[1] (Russian:Казахская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика;Kazakh:Қазақ Автономиялы Социалистік Кеңестік Республикасы,romanized: Qazaq Avtonomiialy Sotsialistık Keñestık Respublikasy), abbreviated asKazak ASSR (Russian:Казакская АССР;Kazakh:Qazaq ASSR) and simplyKazakhstan (Russian:Казахстан;Kazakh:Qazaƣьstan), was anautonomous republic of theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) within theSoviet Union (from 1922) which existed from 1920 until 1936.[citation needed]
The Kazakh ASSR was originally created as theKirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian:Киргизская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика;Kazakh:Қырғыз Автономиялық Социалистік Кеңес Республикасы,romanized: Qyrğyz Avtonomiialyq Sotsialistık Keñes Respublikasy) (not to be confused withKirghiz ASSR of 1926–1936, aCentral Asian territory which is now the independent state ofKyrgyzstan) on 26 August 1920 and was anautonomous republic within theRussian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.
Before theRussian Revolution,Kazakhs in Russia were known as "Kirghiz-Kazaks" or simply "Kirghiz" (and theKyrgyzes as "Kara-Kirghiz").[2] This practice continued into the early Soviet period, and thus the Kirghiz ASSR was a national republic for Kazakhs. However, on 15–19 June 1925 the Fifth Kazakh Council of Soviets decided to rename the republic the Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic.[3] The capital of the former Kirghiz ASSR,Ak-Mechet, was retained as the seat of the Kazak ASSR but was renamedKzyl-Orda, from the Kazakh "red centre".[1] In 1927[1] or 1929[4][a] the city ofAlma-Ata was designated as the new capital of the ASSR. In February 1930, there was ananti-Sovietinsurgency in the village ofSozak.[5] On 5 December 1936, the ASSR was detached from the RSFSR and made theKazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, a fullunion republic of the Soviet Union.[1]
The Kazak ASSR that succeeded the recently expanded Kirghiz ASSR included all of the territory making up the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan plus parts of Uzbekistan (theKarakalpak Autonomous Oblast), Turkmenistan (the north shore ofKara-Bogaz-Gol) and Russia (parts of what would becomeOrenburg Oblast). These territories were transferred from the Kazak ASSR over the following decade.
The administrative subdivisions of the ASSR changed several times in its history. In 1928 theguberniyas, administrative districts inherited from the Kirghiz ASSR were eliminated and replaced with 13okrugs andraions. In 1932, the republic was divided into six new largeroblasts. These included:
On 31 January 1935, yet another territorial division was implemented which included the sixoblasts listed above plus a newKarkaralinskokrug.
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