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Kipsigis language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kenyan language
Kipsigis
Native toKenya
EthnicityKipsigis
Native speakers
1.9 million (2009 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3sgc
Glottologkips1239

Kipsigis (or Kipsikii, Kipsikiis) is part of theKenyan Kalenjin dialect cluster,[1] It is spoken mainly inKericho andBomet counties inKenya. TheKipsigis people are the most numerous tribe of theKalenjin in Kenya, accounting for 60% of all Kalenjin speakers. Kipsigis is closely related to Nandi, Keiyo (Keyo,Elgeyo), South Tugen (Tuken), and Cherangany.

The Kipsigis territory is bordered to the south and southeast by theMaasai. To the west,Gusii (aBantu language) is spoken. To the north-east, other Kalenjin people are found, mainly the Nandi. East from the Kipsigis, in the Mau forests, live someOkiek speaking tribes.

Phonology

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Consonants

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LabialAlveolarPalatalVelar
Nasalmnɲŋ
Stoppt(c)k
Affricate
Fricatives
Rhoticr
Laterall
Approximantjw
  • /r/ can be heard as either a trill[r] or a tap[ɾ].
  • /tʃ/ may also be realized as a palatal stop[c].
  • /k/ may also have a voiced allophone[ɡ], as well as become spirantized as a voiced fricative[ɣ].[2]

Vowels

[edit]
+ATR-ATR
FrontBackFrontBack
Closei iːu uːi̙ i̙ːu̙ u̙ː
Mide eːo oːe̙ e̙ːo̙ o̙ː
Opena aːa̙ a̙ː

Double vowels

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Usually, the pronunciation of a double vowel does not mean a repetition of that vowel sound but rather an elongation of that particular vowel sound. An exception to that generalization shows up with the doubleee.

Normally, the elongated vowel sounds follow the Latin vowel sounds. A few examples are given in the table below

VowelAs KipsigisAs in English
aaKaapmama, mark, margin, sharp
iiAsiispiece, peace, freeze, sneeze
ooigoondiit

roopta

gone

robe

uupiyuutroot, boot

The sound of the doubleee may vary in pronunciation. For example:

As in KipsigisAs in English
akweet 'flock'wet
beek 'water'bake
meet 'death'for this word, there are two sounds, as inlay-ette

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ SeeKalenjin languages andNandi–Markweta languages for a clarification of the Nandi/Kalenjin nomenclature.

References

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  1. ^Kipsigis atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Kouneli, Maria (2019).The Syntax of Number and Modification: An Investigation of the Kipsigis DP. New York University.
Official languages
Indigenous
languages
Bantu
Cushitic
Nilo-Saharan
Immigrant languages
Sign languages
Urban languages
Part of the proposedNilo-Saharan language family
Nubian
Hill Nubian
Nara
Nyima
Taman
Surmic
North
Southeast
Southwest
Eastern Jebel
Temein
Daju
Eastern
Western
Nilotic
Large group listed below
Eastern
Bari
Teso–Turkana
Lotuko
Ongamo–Maa
Western
Dinka–Nuer
Luo
Northern
Southern
Burun
Southern
Kalenjin
Elgon
Nandi–Markweta
Okiek–Mosiro
Pökoot
Omotik–Datooga
Italics indicateextinct languages
Authority control databases: NationalEdit this at Wikidata


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