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Historically, akiosk (from Persian kušk) was a small gardenpavilion open on some or all sides common inPersia, theIndian subcontinent, and in theOttoman Empire from the 13th century onward. Today, several examples of this type of kiosk still exist in and around theTopkapı Palace inIstanbul, and they can be seen inBalkan countries.
The word is used in English-speaking countries for small booths offering goods and services. In Australia they usually offer food service. Freestanding computer terminals dispensing information are calledinteractive kiosks.
Etymological data points to theMiddle Persian wordkōšk 'palace, portico' as the origin, viaTurkishköşk 'pavilion' and Frenchkiosque or Italianchiosco.[1][2]
A kiosk is an open summer-house or pavilion usually having its roof supported by pillars with screened or totally open walls. As a building type, it was first introduced by theSasanid and the next used as a small building attached to the main mosque fromSeljuks, which consisted of a domed hall with open arched sides. This architectural concept gradually evolved into a small yet grand residence used byOttoman sultans, the most famous examples of which are quite possibly theTiled Kiosk ("Çinili Köşk" in Turkish) andBaghdad Kiosk ("Bağdat Köşkü" in Turkish). The former was built in 1473 byMehmed II ("the Conqueror") at theTopkapı Palace, Istanbul, and consists of a two storey building topped with a dome and having open sides overlooking the gardens of the palace. The Baghdad Koshk was also built at the Topkapı Palace in 1638–39, by SultanMurad IV. The building is again domed, offering direct views onto the gardens and park of the Palace as well as the architecture of the city of Istanbul.
SultanAhmed III (1703–1730) also built a glass room of the Sofa Kiosk at the Topkapı Palace incorporating some Western elements, such as the gilded brazier designed byDuplessis père, which was given to the Ottoman ambassador by KingLouis XV of France.
The first English contact with Turkish Kiosk came through LadyWortley Montagu (1689–1762), the wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul, who in a letter written on 1 April 1717 to Anne Thistlethwayte, mentions a "chiosk" describing it as "raised by 9 or 10 steps and enclosed with gilded lattices".[3]
European monarchs adopted the building type.Stanisław Leszczyński, king of Poland and father-in-law of Louis XV, built kiosks for himself based on his memories of his captivity in Turkey. These kiosks were used as garden pavilions serving coffee and beverages but later were converted into band stands and tourist information stands decorating most European gardens, parks and high streets.
Conservatories were in the form of corridors connecting the Pavilion to the stables and consisting of a passage of flowers covered with glass and linked with orangery, a greenhouse, an aviary, a pheasantry and hothouses. The influence of Muslim and Islamo-Indian forms appears clearly in these buildings and particularly in the pheasantry where its higher part is an adaptation of the kiosks found on the roof ofAllahabad Palace, as illustrated byThomas Daniell. Today's conservatories incorporate many elements ofIslamic architecture, although modern art forms have shifted from the classical art forms that were used in earlier times.
In theWestern Hemisphere and inEnglish-speaking countries, akiosk is also a booth with an open window on one side. Some vendors operate from kiosks (seemall kiosk), selling small, inexpensive consumables such asnewspapers,magazines,lighters, streetmaps,cigarettes, live and frozenfishing bait andconfections.
In Australia, the word is commonly used for small buildings that are used to dispense mainlytake-away food and drinks, on beaches, in shopping arcades or in parks. Since the 21st century, many of these have been upgraded and serve fancier food andbarista-made coffee.[4][5][6]
An information kiosk (or information booth) dispenses free information in the form of maps,pamphlets, and other literature, and/or advice offered by an attendant.
An electronic kiosk (or computer kiosk orinteractive kiosk) houses a computer terminal that often employs customkiosk software designed to function while preventingusers from accessing system functions. Indeed,kiosk mode describes such a mode of software operation. Computerized kiosks may storedata locally, or retrieve it from acomputer network. Some computer kiosks provide a free, informational public service, while others serve a commercial purpose (seemall kiosk).Touchscreens,trackballs,computer keyboards, and pushbuttons are all typicalinput devices forinteractive computer kiosk. Touchscreen kiosks are commercially used as industrial appliances, reducing lines, eliminating paper, improving efficiency and service. Their uses are unlimited from refrigerators to airports, health clubs, movie theaters and libraries.
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