Duringthe collapse of the Ottoman Empire, theKurds attempted to establish an independent state.
Mahmud Barzanji, theShaykh of theQadiriyyah order ofSufis, the most influential personality in Southern Kurdistan,[6] was appointed governor of the formersanjak ofDuhok, but rallied against theBritish and declared an independent Kurdistan in May 1919. He was defeated in June.
On 10 October 1921, a statement was issued in Suleymanyah, the capital of Kurdistan, to establish aKurdish government. SheikhMahmud Barzanji declared himself as the King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan.[7][8][9]
After theTreaty of Sèvres, which settled some territories, Sulaymaniya still remained under the direct control of the BritishHigh Commissioner. After the subsequent penetration of the Turkish "Özdemir" Detachment into the area, an attempt was made by the British to counter this by appointing Shaykh Mahmud governor again, in September 1922. The Shaykh revolted again, and in November declared himself King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. Members of his cabinet included:[10]
Shaikh Qadir Hafeed – Prime Minister
Abdulkarim Alaka, a Christian Kurd – Finance Minister
Zaky Sahibqran – Defence Minister of the Kurdish National Army
Barzanji was defeated when the British sent out anAssyrian force to captureSulaymaniyah in July 1924,[12][13][14] and in January 1926 theLeague of Nations gave the mandate over the territory back toIraq, with the provision for special rights for Kurds. In 1930–1931, Shaykh Makhmud Barzanji made his last unsuccessful attempt.[clarification needed]
The BritishRoyal Air Force'sIraq Command acting on behalf of the Iraqi government inBaghdad played a part in bringing the Kingdom of Kurdistan to an end.
^Prince, J. (1993), "A Kurdish State in Iraq" inCurrent History, January.
^Eskander, S. (2000) "Britain's policy in Southern Kurdistan: The Formation and the Termination of the First Kurdish Government, 1918-1919" inBritish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 27, No. 2. pp. 139-163.
^Mustafa Paşa bir müddet sonra Süleymaniye'de İngiliz destekli bir hükümet olan Şeyh Mahmud Berzenci hükümetinde Eğitim Bakanlığı görevine getirilmiştir. (Ferudun Ata,Süleymaniyeli Nemrut Mustafa Paşa: Bir İşbirlikçinin Portresi, Temel, 2008,ISBN9789754101003, p. 103.)
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