Kingdom of Granada Reino de Granada (Spanish) | |||||||||||||||||
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| 1492–1833 | |||||||||||||||||
 Standard  Coat of arms | |||||||||||||||||
| Motto: Reinar es agridulce ("Reigning is bittersweet") | |||||||||||||||||
 Kingdom of Granada | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Granada | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Catholicism | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Manorialism | ||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
• Conquest of Granada | 1492 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1568–1571 | |||||||||||||||||
• Territorial division of Spain | 1833 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Spain | ||||||||||||||||
TheKingdom of Granada (/ɡrəˈnɑːdə/; Spanish:Reino de Granada) was a territorial jurisdiction of theCrown of Castile from the conclusion of theReconquista in 1492 untilJavier de Burgos'provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a "kingdom" ("reino") in the second sense given by theDiccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Its extent is detailed in Gelo del Cabildo's 1751Respuestas Generales delCatastro de Ensenada (1750–54), which was part of the documentation of a census. Like the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of Granada was abolished by the 1833 territorial division.
After theGranada War ended 2 January 1492, the oldMuslim-ruledEmirate of Granada became part of the Crown of Castile. The kingdom was the location ofa Muslim rebellion in 1499-1501 and after the Muslims were defeated andforcibly converted, aMorisco rebellion in 1568–1571. Following the annexation, The city ofGranada, which had been the last center of Muslim power in theIberian Peninsula, lost its political importance and even much of its economic importance, and entered a long period of decline. TheEuropean discovery ofAmerica gave preeminence toSeville, the only important inland port, which by the 16th century had become the principal city not only of Andalusia, but of all Spain. Nonetheless, Granada continued to play a significant institutional role: it was one of the seventeen cities with a vote in theCortes de Castilla, theGranada Cathedral was the seat ofan archdiocese and theRoyal Chancery of Granada was the highest judicial court for half of the Crown of Castile, equaled only by a corresponding institution inValladolid.
The difficulties of religious and ethnic integration of theMoriscos (former Muslims who had converted to Christianity) with the now-dominantOld Christians resulted in the unsuccessful, harshly repressedMorisco Revolt of 1568–1571. TheMoriscos were initially dispersed in the Castilian interior, thenexpelled outright from Spain in 1609.
Today, all the territory of the Kingdom of Granada is part of the territory of theautonomous community ofAndalusia.
The heraldry of Granada was employed as a personal device byHenry IV of Castile before the conquest of Granada, in the form of two fruitedpomegranate branches, known as agranada in Spanish, with the mottoreinar es agridulce ("reigning is bittersweet"). It was later incorporated into the coats of arms used by theCatholic Monarchs and their descendants. From 1475, the monarchs of Castile called themselves also monarchs of Granada, but it was not until 1492 that their military might made the title more than a boast. In 1497, a new coin, theexcelente de granada, featured the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Granada. This heraldic figure became part ofSpain's national coat of arms.[1]
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