 | This article has multiple issues. Please helpimprove it or discuss these issues on thetalk page.(Learn how and when to remove these messages) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
|
TheFranks, Germanic peoples that invaded theWestern Roman Empire in the 5th century, were first led by individuals calleddukes andreguli. The earliest group of Franks that rose to prominence was theSalianMerovingians, who conquered most ofRoman Gaul, as well as the Gaulish territory of theVisigothic Kingdom, following theBattle of Vouillé in 507 AD.
The sons ofClovis I, the first King of the Franks, conquered theBurgundian and theAlamanni Kingdoms. They acquiredProvence, and went on to make the peoples of theBavarii andThuringii their clients. The Merovingians were later replaced by the newCarolingian dynasty in the 8th century. By the late 10th century, the Carolingians themselves had been replaced throughout much of their realm by other dynasties.
A timeline of Frankish rulers has been difficult to trace since the realm, according to old Germanic practice, was frequentlydivided among the sons of a king upon the king's death. However, territories were eventually reunited through marriage, treaty or conquest. There were often multiple Frankish kings who ruled different territories, and divisions of the territories were not very consistent over time.
As inheritance traditions changed over time, the divisions ofFrancia (the lands of the Franks) started to become kingdoms that were more permanent.West Francia formed the heart of what was to become theKingdom of France;East Francia evolved into theKingdom of Germany; andMiddle Francia became theKingdom of Lotharingia in the north, theKingdom of Italy in the south, and theKingdom of Provence in the west. West and East Francia soon divided up the area of Middle Francia.
The idea of a "King of the Franks" (Rex Francorum) gradually disappeared. The title "King of the Franks" is attested in the Kingdom of France until 1190, that of "Queen of the Franks" (for queen consorts) until 1227. That represented a shift in thinking about the monarchy from that of apopular monarchy, the leader of a people, sometimes without a defined territory to rule, to that of a monarchy tied to a specific territory.
Clovis I united all the Frankish petty kingdoms as well as most ofRoman Gaul under his rule, conquering theDomain of Soissons of the Roman generalSyagrius as well as theVisigothicKingdom of Toulouse (Aquitaine). He took his seat at Paris, which along withSoissons,Reims,Metz, andOrléans became the chief residences. Upon his death, his four sons – and later his grandsons – split the kingdom among them. Every son received a part of the original Frankish territory and also a part of the newly acquired Aquitaine.[1]
| Name Reign | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clovis I 509 – 27 November 511 | .jpg) | c. 466 Tournai Son ofChilderic I andBasina of Thuringia | 1. unknown wife: 1 son 2.Clotilde, 493: 4 children | 27 November 511 Aged 44/45 Paris | King of the Salian Franks since 481; united all Franks under his rule by 509 |
| Theuderic I[1][2] 27 November 511 – Early 534 | .jpg) | c. 487 Paris Son ofClovis I and an earlier wife: Evochildis of Cologne | 1.Suavegotha, 510s: childless 2. Several concubines: at least 2 sons | Early 534 Aged 46/47 | Resided atReims |
| Chlodomer[1] 27 November 511 – 524 |  | c. 495 Reims Son ofClovis I andClotilde | Guntheuc, 510s: 3 sons | 524 Aged 28/29 Vézeronce | Resided inOrleans, conquered Burgundy |
| Childebert I[1] 27 November 511 – 13 December 558 |  | c. 496 Reims Son ofClovis I andClotilde | Ultragotha, 510s: 2 daughters | 13 December 558 Aged 61/62 Paris | Resided inParis |
| Chlothar I[1] 27 November 511 – 29 November 561 |  | c. 497 Paris Son ofClovis I andClotilde | 1.Guntheuc, 524: childless 2.Radegund, 538: childless 3.Ingund, 532: 4 children 4.Aregund, 536: 1 son 5. Chunsina: 1 son | 29 November 561 Aged 63/64 Compiègne | Resided inSoissons Reunited the kingdom in 558 |
| Theudebert I[1] Early 534 – c. 548 | .jpg) | c. 503 Metz Son ofTheuderic I and a concubine (prob.) | 1.Deuteria, 534: 1 son 2.Wisigard, 540: childless 3. Unknown wife, 540s: 1 son | c. 548 Aged 44/45 | Resided atReims |
| Theudebald[1] c. 548 – c. 555 | c. 535 Son ofTheudebert I andDeuteria | Waldrada, 540s: Childless | c. 555 Aged 19/20 | Resided atReims | |
| Charibert I[1] 29 November 561 – December 567 |  | c. 517 Paris Son ofChlothar I andIngund | Ingoberga, 537: 4 children | December 567 Aged 49/50 Paris | Resided atParis |
| Guntram[1] 29 November 561 – 28 March 592 |  | c. 534 Soissons Son ofChlothar I andIngund | 1. Veneranda: 1 son 2. Marcatrude: 1 son 3. Austregilde: 2 sons | 28 March 592 Aged 59/60 Chalon-sur-Saône | Resided atOrleans andChalon-sur-Saône, ruledBurgundy Adopted Childebert II |
| Sigebert I[1] 29 November 561 – c. 575 |  | c. 535 Son ofChlothar I andIngund | Brunhilda 567 3 children | c. 575 Aged 39/40 Vitry-en-Artois | Resided atReims andMetz |
| Chilperic I[1] 29 November 561 – September 584 |  | c. 539 Paris Son ofChlothar I andAregund | 1.Audovera, 540s: 5 children 2.Galswintha, 567: Childless 2.Fredegund, 568: 7 children | September 584 Aged 44/45 Chelles | Resided at Soissons |
| Childebert II c. 575 – March 595 |  | c. 570 Son ofSigebert I andBrunhilda | Faileuba: 4 children | March 595 Aged 24/25 | Resided atMetz His mother Brunhilda acted as regent in his early years. Inherited Burgundy from Guntram |
| Chlothar II[1] September 584 – 18 October 629 |  | c. 584 Paris Son ofChilperic I andFredegund | 1. Haldetrude: 1 son 2.Bertrude, 613: childless 3.Sichilde, 618: 1 son | 18 October 629 Aged 44/45 | Resided atSoissons His motherFredegunde acted as regent in his early years. Reunited the kingdom. |
| Theudebert II March 595 – 612 |  | 586 Son ofChildebert II and Faileuba | 1. Bilichilde, 608: 2 children 2. Teodechilde, 610 1 son. | 612 Aged 25/26 | First son ofChildebert II Resided atMetz His grandmother Brunhilda acted as regent in his early years. |
| Theuderic II 612 – 613 | .jpg) | 587 Soissons Son ofChildebert II and Faileuba | Several paramours: 4 sons | 613 Aged 25/26 Metz | Second son ofChildebert II Ruled Burgundy (with his grandmother Brunhilda), conquered Austrasia |
| Sigebert II 613 – Late 613 |  | 601 Son ofTheuderic II and Ermenberge | Unmarried | 613 Aged 11/12 | Illegitimate son ofTheuderic II Ruled Burgundy and Austrasia with his great-grandmother Brunhilda as regent. |
Chlothar II defeatedBrunhilda and her great-grandson, Sigibert II, reunifying the kingdom. By that time the realms ofNeustria, Burgundy and Austrasia had developed regional identities. In order to appease the local nobility, Austrasia was usually ruled by separate king, often a son or brother of the king ruling in Neustria and Burgundy. A similar arrangement for Aquitaine was short-lived.
| Name Reign | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlothar II[1] September 584 – 18 October 629 | | c. 584 Paris Son ofChilperic I andFredegund | 1. Haldetrude: 1 son 2.Bertrude, 613: childless 3.Sichilde, 618: 1 son | 18 October 629 Aged 44/45 | Reunited the Kingdom |
| Dagobert I 18 October 629 – 19 January 639 |  | 603[3] Paris Son ofChlothar II and Haldetrude | 1. Gormatrude: childless 2.Nanthild, pre-629: 1 son 3. Wulfegundis; childless 4. Berchildis: childless | 19 January 639 Aged 33/34 Épinay-sur-Seine | Son ofChlothar II King in Austrasia 623–634 |
| Charibert II October 629 – 8 April 632 |  | 607/617 Paris Son ofChlothar II andSichilde | Gisela, daughter of Amand, Ruler of the Gascons 629 Chilperic | 8 April 632 Aged 15/25 Blaye,Gironde | Son ofChlothar II Ruled Aquitaine |
| Clovis II 19 January 639 – 27 November 657 |  | 633[4] Paris Son ofDagobert I andNanthild | Balthild, 640s: 3 sons | 27 November 657 Aged 23/24 | Son ofDagobert I |
| Chlothar III 27 November 657 – Spring 673 |  | 652[5] Paris Son ofClovis II andBalthild | Unknown paramour: possibly 1 son | Spring 673 Aged 20/21 | First son ofClovis II |
| Theuderic III Spring 673 |  | 654 Paris Son ofClovis II andBalthild | 1.Chrothildis, pre-675: 2 sons 2.Amalberga of Maubeuge, 674: 1 daughter 3. Several concubines: At least 3 children | 12 April 691 Aged 36/37 | Third son ofClovis II |
| Childeric II Spring 673 – Autumn 675 |  | 653[5] Paris Son ofClovis II andBalthild | Bilichild, 662: 2 sons | Autumn 675 Aged 21/22 | Second son ofClovis II King in Austrasia 662–675 |
| Clovis (III) September 675 – June 676 | _coin.PNG) | c. 670 Son ofChlothar III and unknown paramour | Unmarried | c. 676 Aged 5/6 | Illegitimate son ofChlothar III King in Austrasia also claimed Neustria and Burgundy |
| Theuderic III Autumn 675 – 12 April 691 | | 654 Paris Son ofClovis II andBalthild | 1.Chrothildis, pre-675: 2 sons 2.Amalberga of Maubeuge, 674: 1 daughter 3. Several concubines: At least 3 children | 12 April 691 Aged 36/37 | Third son ofClovis II Also king in Austrasia after 679 |
Chlothar II had reunified the kingdom in 613. By that time the realms ofNeustria, Burgundy and Austrasia had developed regional identities. In order to appease the local nobility, Clothar made his young son,Dagobert I, king of Austrasia. Austrasia was usually ruled by a separate king, often a son or brother of the king ruling in Neustria and Burgundy, for the following decades.
| Name Reign | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dagobert I 623 – 634 | | 605 Paris Son ofChlothar II and Haldetrude | 1. Gormatrude: childless 2.Nanthild, pre-629: 1 son 3. Wulfegundis; childless 4. Berchildis: childless | 19 January 639 Aged 34/35 Épinay-sur-Seine | Son ofChlothar II After 629 also King in Neustria and Burgundy |
| Sigebert III 634 – 1 February 656 |  | 630 Son ofDagobert I and Ragnertrude (concubine) | Chimnechild of Burgundy 651 2 children | 1 February 656 Aged 25/26 | Son ofDagobert I |
| Childebert The Adopted 1 February 656 – 661 |  | 640s Son ofGrimoald andItta of Metz | Unmarried | 661 Aged 20s | Adoptive son ofSigebert III |
| Chlothar III 661 – 662 | | 649 Paris Son ofClovis II andBalthild | Unknown paramour: possibly 1 son | Spring 673 Aged 23/24 | First son ofClovis II Also King in Neustria and Burgundy |
| Childeric II 662 – Autumn 675 | | 654 Paris Son ofClovis II andBalthild | Bilichild, 662: 2 sons | Winter 691 Aged 21/22 | Second son ofClovis II After 673 also King in Neustria and Burgundy |
| Clovis (III) September 675 – June 676 | | c. 670 Son ofChlothar III and unknown paramour | Unmarried | c. 676 Aged 5/6 | Illegitimate son ofChlothar III Claimed rule also in Neustria and Burgundy |
| Dagobert II c. 676 – 23 December 679 |  | c. 650 Son ofSigebert III and Chimnechild of Burgundy | Unknown woman | 23 December 679 Aged 28/29 Stenay | Son ofSigebert III |
Theuderic III was recognized as king of all the Franks in 679. From then on, the kingdom of the Franks can be treated as a unit again for all but a very brief period of civil war. This is the period of theroi fainéant, "do-nothing kings" who were increasingly overshadowed by theirmayors of the palace.
| Name Reign | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theuderic III Autumn 675 – 12 April 691 |  | 654 Paris Son ofClovis II andBalthild | 1.Chrothildis, pre-675: 2 sons 2.Amalberga of Maubeuge, 674: 1 daughter 3. Several concubines: At least 3 children | 12 April 691 Aged 36/37 | Recognized king of all Franks after 23 December 679 |
| Clovis IV 12 April 691 – 695 |  | c. 677 Son ofTheuderic III andChrothildis | Unmarried | 695 Aged 17/18 | First son ofTheuderic III |
| Childebert III The Just 695 – 23 April 711 |  | c. 678 Son ofTheuderic III andChrothildis | 1. Ermenchild: 1 son 2. Unknown paramour: 1 son | 23 April 711 Aged 32/33 | Second son ofTheuderic III |
| Dagobert III 23 April 711 – 31 December 715 | .jpg) | c. 699 Son ofChildebert III and Ermenchild | 1. Unknown wife: 1 son 2. Unknown paramour: 1 son | 31 December 715 Aged 16 | Second son ofChildebert III |
| Chilperic II Daniel 31 December 715 – 13 February 721 |  | c. 672 Son ofChilderic II andBilichild | Unknown woman: 1 son | 13 February 721 Aged 48/49 Attigny, Ardennes | Second son ofChilderic II First cousin of Dagobert III |
| Theuderic IV 13 February 721 – 16 March/30 April 737 |  | c. 712 Son ofDagobert III and unknown woman | Unknown woman: 1 son | 16 March/30 April 737 Aged 24/25 | Son ofDagobert III |
| Interregnum (737–741) –Charles Martel reigned as prince | |||||
| Childeric III 741 – November 751 |  | c. 728 Son ofChilperic II and unknown woman | Unknown woman: 1 son | 754 Aged 36/37 | Son of either Chilperic II or Theuderic IV |
TheCarolingians were initiallymayors of the palace under the Merovingian kings, first in Austrasia and later in Neustria and Burgundy. In 687Pepin of Heristal took the titleDuke and Prince of the Franks (dux et princeps Francorum) after his conquest of Neustria in at theBattle of Tertry, which was cited by contemporary chroniclers as the beginning of Pepin's reign. Between 715 and 716, the descendants of Pepin disputed the succession.
Finally, in 747Pepin the Short became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia in addition to that of Neustria, making him ruler of the entire Frankish kingdom. He arranged for the deposition of the Merovingian king Childeric III and in March 752,[6][7] Pepin was himself anointed King of the Franks. The office of Mayor was absorbed into the Crown, and this marked the start of the Carolingians as the ruling dynasty. Charlemagne was crowned emperor in the year 800, beginning the line ofHoly Roman Emperors that lasted (with some interruptions) until 1806, although the title was held byGerman monarchs after 962.
| Name Reign | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) Issue | Death | Claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pepin The Short November 751 – 24 September 768 |  | 714 Son ofCharles Martel and Rotrude of Trier | Bertrada of Laon 741 5 children | 24 September 768 Aged 54 Saint-Denis | Elected by Frankish nobles |
| Charles I The Great "Charlemagne" 24 September 768 – 28 January 814 |  | 2 April 742 Son ofPepin the Short andBertrada of Laon | (1)Himiltrude (concubine) 768 1 son (2)Desiderata, 770 Childless (3)Hildegard, 771 9 children (4)Fastrada, 784 2 daughters (5)Luitgard, 794 Childless (6) Several concubines 6 children | 28 January 814 Aged 71 Aachen | First son ofPepin the Short |
| Carloman I 24 September 768 – 4 December 771 |  | 28 June 751 Soissons Son ofPepin the Short andBertrada of Laon | Gerberga 741 2 sons | 4 December 771 Aged 20 Samoussy | Second son ofPepin the Short |
| Charles The Younger 25 December 800 – 4 December 811 | c. 772 Son of Charlemagne andHildegard | 4 December 811 Aged about 39 | Second son and main heir of Charlemagne | ||
| Louis I The Pious 28 January 814 – 20 June 840 |  | 16 April 778 Casseuil Son ofCharles I andHildegard | (1)Ermengarde of Hesbaye 794 6 children (2)Judith of Bavaria 819 2 children | 20 June 840 Aged 62 Ingelheim am Rhein | Third son ofCharles I |
Louis the Pious made many divisions of his empire during his lifetime. The final division, pronounced atWorms in 838, made Charles the Bald heir to the west, including Aquitaine, and Lothair heir to the east, including Italy and excluding Bavaria, which was left forLouis the German. However, following the emperor's death in 840, the empire was plunged intoa civil war that lasted three years. The Frankish kingdom was then divided by theTreaty of Verdun in 843. Lothair was allowed to keep his imperial title and his kingdom of Italy, and granted the newly created Kingdom ofMiddle Francia, a corridor of land stretching from Italy to the North Sea, and including the Low Countries, the Rhineland (including Aachen), Burgundy, and Provence. Charles was confirmed in Aquitaine, where Pepin I's son Pepin II was opposing him, and grantedWest Francia (modern France), the lands west of Lothair's Kingdom. Louis the German was confirmed in Bavaria and grantedEast Francia (modern Germany), the lands east of Lothair's kingdom.
The following table does not provide a complete listing for some of the variousregna of the empire, especially those who weresubregna of the Western, Middle, or Eastern kingdom such asItaly,Provence,Neustria, andAquitaine.
 |
|
|
|
| Soissons | Orléans | Paris | Austrasia | |
| 509–511 | Clovis I (king of all Franks) | |||
| 511–524 | Chlothar I (Soissons, 511–561) (sole king, 558-561) | Chlodomer (Orleans, 511–524) | Childebert I (Paris, 511–558) | Theuderic I (Austrasia, 511–534) |
| 524–532 | ||||
| 532–534 | ||||
| 534–548 | Theudebert I (Austrasia, 534–548) | |||
| 548–555 | Theudebald (Austrasia, 548–555) | |||
| 555–558 | ||||
| 558–561 | ||||
| Neustria / Soissons | Orléans &Burgundy | Paris | Austrasia | |
| 561–567 | Chilperic I (Neustria, 561–584) (Paris, 567–584) | Guntram (Orleans & Burgundy, 561–592) | Charibert I (Paris, 561–567) | Sigebert I |
| 567–575 | Paris divided | |||
| 575–584 | Childebert II (Austrasia, 575–596) (Burgundy, 592–596) | |||
| 584–592 | Chlothar II (Neustria, 584–629) (sole king, 613-629) | |||
| 592–596 | ||||
| 596–612 | Theuderic II (Burgundy, 596–613) | Theudebert II (Austrasia, 596–612) | ||
| 612–613 | ||||
| 613 | Sigebert II (Austrasia & Burgundy, 613) | |||
| 613–622 | ||||
| 623–629 | Dagobert I (Austrasia, 623–634) (Neustria, 629–639) (sole king, 632-634) | |||
| 629–632 | Aquitaine | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charibert II (Aquitaine, 629–632) | ||||
| Chilperic of Aquitaine (Aquitaine, 632) | ||||
| 632–634 | ||||
| Neustria &Burgundy | Austrasia | |
| 634–639 | Dagobert I (former king of all Franks, 632-634) (king of Neustria, 629–639) | Sigebert III (king of Austrasia, 634–656) Mayor of the palace:Adalgisel;Pepin I;Otto;Grimoald I |
| 639–656 | Clovis II (639–657) Mayors:Aega;Erchinoald in Neustria;Flaochad;Radobertus in Burgundy | |
| 656–657 | Childebert III the Adopted (656–662) Mayor of the palace:Grimoald I | |
| 657–658 | Chlothar III (657–673) Mayor of the palace:Ebroin | |
| 658–662 | ||
| 662–663 | ||
| 663–673 | Childeric II (663–675) Mayor of the palace:Wulfoald | |
| 673 | Theuderic III Mayor of the palace: Ebroin | |
| 673–675 | ||
| 675–676 | Theuderic III(restored) Mayors:Leudesius (675); Ebroin (675–680);Waratton (681);Gistemar (682); Waratton (682–685);Berchar (686);Nordebert (687–695) | Clovis III Mayor of the palace: Wulfoald |
| 676–679 | Dagobert II Mayor of the palace: Wulfoald | |
| 679–691 | (king of all Franks; 679–691) | Mayor of the palace:Pepin II (680–714) |
| 691–695 | Clovis IV (691-695) | |
| Mayor:Nordebert | Mayor:Pepin II | |
| 695–711 | Childebert IV (695-711) | |
| Mayors:Grimoald II in Neustria;Drogo in Burgundy | Mayor:Pepin II | |
| 711–715 | Dagobert III (711-715) | |
| Mayors:Grimoald II (695–714);Theudoald (714–715) | Mayor:Pepin II (679–714);Theudoald (714–-716) | |
| 715–717 | Chilperic II (715-721) | |
| Mayor:Ragenfrid (715–719) | Mayor:Theudoald (714–716) | |
| 717–719 | Chlothar IV (rival king in Austrasia, 717–719) Mayor:Charles Martel (717–741) | |
| 719–721 | Mayor:Charles Martel (719–741) | |
| 721–737 | Theuderic IV (721-737) Mayor:Charles Martel (719–741) | |
| 737–743 | Interregnum Mayor:Charles Martel (719–741) | |
| Mayor:Pepin the Short (741–751) | Mayor:Carloman (741–747) | |
| 743–751 | Childeric III (743-751) | |
| Mayor:Pepin the Short (741–751) | Mayor:Carloman (741–747) | |
| Map | Aquitaine | West Francia | Middle Francia | Provence | Italy | Bavaria /Lorraine | East Francia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Louis Ithe Pious Emperor and King of the Franks (814–840) | ||||||
 | Pepin I (817–838) | Lothair I King of Italy (818–840) | Louis IIthe German King of Bavaria (817–840) | ||||
| Pepin II(838–864) rival king Charlesthe Child (855–866) | |||||||
 | Civil war between Louis I's sons (840–843); seeCarolingian civil war | ||||||
| Charles II the Bald (843–877) West Francia | Lothair I Emperor and King of Italy (840–855) | Louis IIthe German (843–876) King of East Francia | |||||
 | Lothair IIof Lotharingia (855–869) King of Lotharingia | Charles of Provence (855–863) | Louis IIof Italy Emperor of the Romans and King of Italy (855–875) | ||||
 | Lothair II and Louis of Italy | ||||||
 | Louis II the Stammerer (866–877) | Charles II and Louis the German | Louis IIof Italy Emperor and King of Italy (855–875) | ||||
 | Charles IIthe Bald Emperor (875–877), King of Italy (875–877) and King of West Francia (843–877) | Carloman of Bavaria (876–80) | Louis IIIthe Saxon King of Saxony (876–882) Charles IIIthe Fat King of Alemannia (876–882) | ||||
 | Louis IIthe Stammerer King of West Francia (877–879) and Aquitaine (866–877) | Carlomanof Bavaria King of Bavaria (876–880) and Italy (877–880) | |||||
 | Louis III(879–882) Carloman II(879–884) Kings of West Francia | Boso (husb.Ermengard, dau. Louis II of Italy) (879–887) | Charles IIIthe Fat King of Alemannia (876–882) King of Italy (880–887) | Louis IIIthe Saxon King of Saxony (876–882) King of Bavaria (880–882) | Charles IIIthe Fat King of Alem. (876–882) King of Italy (880–887) | ||
 | Charles IIIthe Fat Emperor (881–887) King of West Francia (884–887) | Charles IIIthe Fat Emperor (881–887) King of East Francia (876–887) and Italy (880–887) | |||||
 AD 888 | Eudes (nephew of Ermengarde of Tours, wife of Lothair I) (888–898) | Rudolf I (husb.Willa, dau. Boso) King of Burgundy (888–912)[8] (Rudolphins) | Louis III the Blind (887–933) | Berengar I (son ofGisela, dau. Louis II the German) (887–889) | Arnulfof Carinthia King of East Francia (887–899) King of Lotharingia (887–894) | ||
| Guy III (grandson ofAdelaide, sister ofBernard of Italy) (889–894) Lambert (891–895) | |||||||
| Arnulf Emperor (896–899) King of Italy (895–899) | Zwentibold King of Lotharingia (894–900) | Arnulf (887–899) | |||||
 AD 898 | Charles IIIthe Simple King of West Francia (898–922) King of Lotharingia (911–922) | ||||||
| Berengar, Emperor (915–24) Lambert, (896–898) Louis III, Emperor (901–905) Rudolf II (922–926) andHugh (926) | Louis IVthe Child King of East Francia (899–911) King of Lotharingia (900–911) | ||||||
 AD 915 | Rudolf II (912–937) | Charles IIIthe Simple King of Lotharingia (911–922) | Conrad I (son-in-law ofGisela, dau. Louis II the German) (911–918) | ||||
| Robert I (full brother of Eudes) (922–923) | Rudolf II of Burgundy King of Burgundy & Provence (933–937) | Hugh of Italy (son ofBertha, dau. Lothair II of Lotharingia) (926–947) | Henry I the Fowler (nephew ofLiutgard of Saxony, wife of Louis the Saxon) (911–918) King of Germany (918–936) | ||||
| Rudolph (nephew ofRichilde of Provence, wife of Charles the Bald) (923–936) | |||||||
| Otto I the Great King of Germany (936–973) | |||||||
 AD 947 | Louis IVTransmarinus (936–954) | Conrad I of Burgundy (937–993) -Elder House of Welf - | Lothair II of Italy (947–950) | ||||
| Lothair (954–986) | Berengar II (son ofGisela, dau. Berengar I) (950–961) Adalbert (950–963) | ||||||
| Louis Vthe Do-Nothing (986–987) | Otto I the Great husband ofAdelaide of Italy, widow of Berengar II Emperor (962–973), king of Italy (961–973) and Germany (936–973) -Ottonian dynasty - | ||||||
| Hugh Capet (987–996) -Capetian dynasty - | |||||||
| List of French monarchs | List of kings of Burgundy | List of kings of Italy | List of German monarchs | ||||
