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King Edward Point

Coordinates:54°17′00″S36°29′42″W / 54.283333°S 36.495°W /-54.283333; -36.495
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Place in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, United Kingdom
King Edward Point
King Edward Point
King Edward Point
Location of King Edward Point and Grytviken in South Georgia
Location of King Edward Point and Grytviken in South Georgia
King Edward Point is located in Atlantic Ocean
King Edward Point
King Edward Point
Coordinates:54°17′00″S36°29′42″W / 54.283333°S 36.495°W /-54.283333; -36.495
Country United Kingdom
TerritorySouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
OperatorBritish Antarctic Survey
Established1950 (1950)
Population
 (2018)
 • Summer
22
 • Winter
12
Time zoneUTC−02:00 (GST)
UN/LOCODEGS
Active timesAll year-round
StatusOperational
ActivitiesSupport sustainable fishing
Southeast view fromCumberland East Bay, withGrytviken in the left background

King Edward Point (also known asKEP) is a permanentBritish Antarctic Survey research station onSouth Georgia island and is thecapital of theBritish Overseas Territory ofSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.[1] It is situated inCumberland East Bay on the northeastern coast of the island.[2] The settlement isthe second smallest capital in the world by population, afterNgerulmud inPalau.

History

[edit]
Main articles:History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands andFalklands War

King Edward Point was named in honour of KingEdward VII.Grytviken (pot cove in Norwegian and Swedish) is nearby and was named after sealers'trywork.[3] Both of these are along theKing Edward Cove.[4]

The Post Office in King Edward Point was established in 1909, and has been in operation since then with the exception of theFalklands War.[5] The oldest building in King Edward Point is the customs warehouse and jail built in 1914.[6]

Discovery House, a prefabricated laboratory, was established in 1925, and used by biologists collecting specimens from whale carcasses for six years. In 1929, Discovery II was opened for use in oceanographic study.[7]

Argentine soldiers arrived near King Edward Point on 24 March 1982, and occupied it on 3 April. The British retook King Edward Point in late April.[8]

Environment

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Elephant andfur seals inhabit the area.[3] Cats were brought to King Edward Point, but the last one died in 1980.[9]

Climate

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Main article:South Georgia § Geography and fauna

King Edward Point and Grytviken have atundra climate (KöppenET) with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The highest temperature ever recorded at Grytviken/King Edward Point was 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) on 10 March 1922.[10]

Climate data for Grytviken/King Edward Point (normals and extremes 2006–2020)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)23.0
(73.4)		23.0
(73.4)		21.6
(70.9)		21.7
(71.1)		17.1
(62.8)		14.1
(57.4)		14.9
(58.8)		13.9
(57.0)		16.0
(60.8)		20.2
(68.4)		20.4
(68.7)		26.4
(79.5)		26.4
(79.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)10.0
(50.0)		10.8
(51.4)		9.4
(48.9)		6.1
(43.0)		3.9
(39.0)		2.2
(36.0)		1.7
(35.1)		2.4
(36.3)		4.5
(40.1)		6.9
(44.4)		8.9
(48.0)		9.8
(49.6)		6.4
(43.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)6.3
(43.3)		6.9
(44.4)		5.8
(42.4)		3.2
(37.8)		1.0
(33.8)		−0.4
(31.3)		−1.2
(29.8)		−0.6
(30.9)		1.1
(34.0)		3.3
(37.9)		5.0
(41.0)		6.1
(43.0)		3.0
(37.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)2.6
(36.7)		3.1
(37.6)		2.2
(36.0)		0.2
(32.4)		−2.0
(28.4)		−4.6
(23.7)		−4.0
(24.8)		−3.7
(25.3)		−2.3
(27.9)		−0.3
(31.5)		1.0
(33.8)		2.3
(36.1)		−0.5
(31.2)
Record low °C (°F)−2.5
(27.5)		−3.0
(26.6)		−4.0
(24.8)		−7.0
(19.4)		−10.0
(14.0)		−11.2
(11.8)		−15.1
(4.8)		−13.0
(8.6)		−11.0
(12.2)		−9.5
(14.9)		−5.0
(23.0)		−4.0
(24.8)		−15.1
(4.8)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)92
(3.6)		114
(4.5)		136
(5.4)		139
(5.5)		137
(5.4)		135
(5.3)		149
(5.9)		149
(5.9)		92
(3.6)		80
(3.1)		93
(3.7)		88
(3.5)		1,394
(54.9)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm)121314141215151411121111154
Averagerelative humidity (%)72696970747574737270697172
Mean monthlysunshine hours15216012766341222741231711741671,282
Source 1: Meteomanz[11]
Source 2: Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-Martínez (precipitation 1901–1950)[12] DMI/Danish Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931–1960)[13] Météo Climat (extremes)[14]
Climate data for Grytviken/King Edward Point (normals and extremes 1901–1950, sunshine 1931–1960)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)24.5
(76.1)		26.5
(79.7)		28.8
(83.8)		19.1
(66.4)		17.5
(63.5)		14.0
(57.2)		13.6
(56.5)		13.2
(55.8)		17.0
(62.6)		20.0
(68.0)		22.5
(72.5)		21.5
(70.7)		28.8
(83.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)8.4
(47.1)		9.1
(48.4)		8.4
(47.1)		5.6
(42.1)		2.9
(37.2)		0.9
(33.6)		1.2
(34.2)		1.5
(34.7)		3.5
(38.3)		5.4
(41.7)		6.5
(43.7)		7.5
(45.5)		5.1
(41.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)4.6
(40.3)		5.1
(41.2)		4.4
(39.9)		2.3
(36.1)		0.0
(32.0)		−1.6
(29.1)		−1.5
(29.3)		−1.8
(28.8)		−0.1
(31.8)		1.6
(34.9)		2.7
(36.9)		3.7
(38.7)		1.6
(34.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1.4
(34.5)		1.7
(35.1)		1.0
(33.8)		−0.8
(30.6)		−3.1
(26.4)		−4.6
(23.7)		−4.7
(23.5)		−4.9
(23.2)		−3.3
(26.1)		−1.8
(28.8)		−0.5
(31.1)		0.4
(32.7)		−1.6
(29.1)
Record low °C (°F)−4.1
(24.6)		−3.7
(25.3)		−6.3
(20.7)		−9.8
(14.4)		−11.4
(11.5)		−14.6
(5.7)		−15.2
(4.6)		−19.2
(−2.6)		−18.4
(−1.1)		−11
(12)		−6.4
(20.5)		−5.4
(22.3)		−19.2
(−2.6)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)92
(3.6)		114
(4.5)		136
(5.4)		139
(5.5)		137
(5.4)		135
(5.3)		149
(5.9)		149
(5.9)		92
(3.6)		80
(3.1)		93
(3.7)		88
(3.5)		1,394
(54.9)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm)121314141215151411121111154
Averagerelative humidity (%)72696970747574737270697172
Mean monthlysunshine hours15216012766341222741231711741671,282
Source 1: Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-Martínez[12]
Source 2: DMI/Danish Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931–1960)[13]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Local laws and customs - South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice - GOV.UK".www.gov.uk. Retrieved28 September 2017.
  2. ^"Google Maps".54°17'00.0"S 36°29'39.0"W. Retrieved25 July 2018.
  3. ^abPoncet & Crosbie 2012, p. 108.
  4. ^Poncet & Crosbie 2012, p. 109.
  5. ^Poncet & Crosbie 2012, p. 44.
  6. ^Poncet & Crosbie 2012, p. 114.
  7. ^Poncet & Crosbie 2012, p. 38.
  8. ^Poncet & Crosbie 2012, p. 40.
  9. ^Burton 2012, p. 19.
  10. ^Remarkable Temperatures in the Argentine and South Georgia. Meteorological Magazine. 57 (6): 138. June 1922.
  11. ^"SYNOP/BUFR observations. Data by months". Meteomanz. Retrieved21 March 2024.
  12. ^ab"Temp/Rain 1901–1950"(PDF). Globalbioclimatics. April 2012. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 1 August 2020. Retrieved10 December 2018.
  13. ^abCappelen, John; Jensen, Jens."South Georgia–Grytviken"(PDF).Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 242. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 27 April 2013. Retrieved10 December 2018.
  14. ^"Weather extremes for Grytviken". Météo Climat. Retrieved21 March 2024.

Works cited

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External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toKing Edward Point.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forKing Edward Point.
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