Kimmerikon (Psoa) and other Ancient Greek colonies along the north coast of the Black Sea.
Kimmerikón (GreekΚιμμερικόν,Latin:Cimmericum) was anancient Greek city inCrimea, on the southern shore of theKerch Peninsula, at the western slope ofOpuk mountain, roughly 40 kilometres southwest of modernKerch. It was situated with itsacropolis on the hills on the west side of the mountain.[1] The town wasfounded by theMilesian colonists in the 5th century BC and flourished at the beginning of the Christian era. Its name may refer to an earlierCimmerian settlement on the site.
Kimmerikon was an important stronghold defending the most important and highly populated part of theBosporan Kingdom, its center and capital, from theScythians. The city walls were 2.5 metres thick and those of the acropolis 3.5 metres thick.[2] In the mid-3rd century AD Kimmerikon was sacked by theGoths, but some measure of urban settlement persisted until the end of the 3rd century AD, when the city perished abruptly as a result of being laid waste and burnt by pirate raiders. The fortress was destroyed in the 1st third of the 6th century AD.[3] The EmperorJustinian I, after re-establishing Byzantine sovereignty in the Cimmerian Bosporus in the mid-6th century, did not restore the fortress, which seems to have lost its role as a guardian of the borders.[4]
Kimmerikon should not be confused with the Tatar town ofKirim founded approximately a 1,000 years following the demise of the city and 55 miles (88 km) due west.
The site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists in 1927, 1947–49, and 1950–51; the Kerch Museum contains material from the site.
^Mongait, A. L. Archaeology in the USSR. Tr. M. W. Thompson. London, 1961, p. 208
^For a diagram of a building remains of the city, see "Problemi Della Chora Coloniale Dall'Occidente Al Mar Nero", Istituto per la Storia E L'Archeologia, Della Magna Grecia, Taranto, 2001, September 29 - October 3, 2000, p. 642, fig. 2
^Golenko, Vl.K., “Kimmerikon”, in Grammenos, D.V. – Petropoulos, E.K. (eds.), Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea 2 (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1675.2, Oxford 2007), pp. 1066-1067
^"Cimmericon".Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος. Retrieved30 December 2018.
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (eds. Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAllister).
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