Kim is a native ofJeonju. When he was in middle school, he was not a highly regarded prospect as coaches viewed his slight frame as a disadvantage. Kim began considering becoming a professional footballer when national youth team managerHong Myung-bo visited Kim's high school to speak to his team.[4]
Kim played college football andfutsal forJeonju University. In 2009, he participated in the Futsal League of theKorea Football Association, and became the champion and the top scorer.[3] His futsal career was a big help to his techniques.
In 2010, Kim joinedJ1 League sideFC Tokyo, starting his professional career.[5] He scored his first senior goal with a direct free kick in the2010 J.League Cup againstKyoto Sanga FC. After his first season, Kim transferred toOmiya Ardija,[6] because FC Tokyo was relegated to the second tier by finishing 16th in the league.
In July 2012, Kim transferred toChinese Super League sideGuangzhou Evergrande.[7] He contributed to the best period of Guangzhou Evergrande, showing foreign player's worth. Guangzhou Evergrande won all of the four league titles in addition to twoAFC Champions Leagues during the initial four years with Kim from 2013 to 2016, and Kim was also selected for the Team of the Year every year. However, he lost his influence in Guangzhou due to his injury and the removal of Asian quota in the CSL since 2017.
In the2012 Summer Olympics, South Korean Olympic football team finished third, winning its first-ever Olympic football medal. Kim was regarded as a notable player among the bronze medalists.
Kim was a member of South Korea's squad for the2014 FIFA World Cup and started in all of the team's group matches. South Korea drew withRussia, and lost toAlgeria andBelgium in the group stage.[8] His defense wasn't good this time, especially against Algerian players.
At the2015 AFC Asian Cup, Kim scored the second goal in South Korea's 2–0 semi-final defeat ofIraq on 26 January 2015, putting the nation into the Asian Cup final for the first time since1988.[9] However, South Korea failed to bring the trophy after losing the final toAustralia.
Kim was named inSouth Korea's squad for the2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. He showed outstanding plays unlike four years ago, becoming a great leader of South Korean defenders.[10] Furthermore, in the final group match againstGermany, he scored in the 91st minute to knock out the defending world champions, coupled with a second goal minutes later bySon Heung-min.[11]
In the2022 FIFA World Cup, Kim scored a goal in South Korea's crucial match againstPortugal to level the score 1–1, followed byHwang Hee-chan's goal in stoppage time, which promoted South Korea to the round of 16.[12] In the round of 16, Kim played his 100th cap for the national team againstBrazil, with Korea went on to lose 4–1.[13]
In 2014 Kim married Park Se-jin. They have three children, a daughter and two sons. Kim has made guest appearances with his two older children in several episodes ofThe Return of Superman.[14][15]