She made her first public appearance alongside her father at amissile launch in 2022. State media initially referred to her as Kim Jong Un's "beloved" and "precious" daughter before adopting the adjective "respected", which is typically reserved for the most honoured members of North Korean society, such as Kim Jong Un himself. Since her public debut, North Korea analysts have speculated about the reason for her prominence in state media, with some hypothesising that she may be the heir to the position of supreme leader and others arguing against this idea.
The North Korean government has not publicly disclosed Kim Ju Ae's birth date. Ri Sol Ju's lengthy absence from the public eye in 2012 was later attributed to her pregnancy with Kim Ju Ae.[1] South Korea'sNational Intelligence Service (NIS) estimated in 2023 that she was 10 or 11 years old.[2] South Korean lawmakerKim Byung-kee, citing "non-NIS sources", claims that she was born in 2013.[3] His colleague Yi Wan-yong, citing both the NIS and non-NIS sources, claims that Kim Ju Ae has an older brother born in 2010 and a younger sibling of unknown sex born in 2017.[3] However, in a 2023 interview withRadio Free Asia, João Micaelo, a personal acquaintance of Kim Jong Un, expressed doubts that the North Korean leader had ever fathered a son. Micaelo claims to have first met Kim Jong Un in 1998 while attending school together inSwitzerland. When they met again in their adulthood, Micaelo claims that Kim Jong Un never mentioned a son, only the daughter he had been appearing in public with.[4][5]
The North Korean government has also not publicly disclosed her name, and the NIS has not verified any claims on the matter fromNorth Korean defectors.[6] North Korean media initially called her Kim Jong Un's "beloved" (사랑하는) or "precious" (존귀하신) daughter but soon began using the adjective "respected" (존경하는), which is typically reserved for the most honoured members of North Korean society.[7][8][9][10] For example, Kim Jong Un received the title of "respected comrade" shortly after becoming the country's supreme leader.[7]
The name "Ju Ae" was first mentioned by American basketball playerDennis Rodman during a 2013 account of a visit he made to the North Korean capital ofPyongyang the previous year. When discussing Kim Jong Un and Ri Sol Ju, Rodman described "[holding] their baby Ju Ae" and complimented Kim Jong Un as a "good dad" and an "awesome guy".[11][12] However, Choe Su-yong, a former NIS intelligence officer, claims that Rodman misunderstood the Korean wordsjeoae (저애), which mean "that girl", and that the child's actual name is Un Ju (은주). Choe cited his North Korean informants as his source.[6]
On 4 November 2022,The Chosun Ilbo reported claims from an unnamed defector, a former military officer who claims to have escorted Kim Jong Un's eldest son and middle daughter overseas. He claimed that the daughter's name is indeed "Ju Ae", and that her elder brother is named "Ju Un", with "Ju" taken from their mother's name and "Un" taken from their father's. He further claimed that theHanja spelling of the daughter's name is "主愛".[13] Meanwhile, North Korean diplomatRi Il-kyu, who defected to South Korea in 2023, claims that her name is Ju Ye (주예;主叡) and thatNorth Korean citizens named Ju Ye were ordered to change their names.[14]
Kim Ju Ae appeared in public for the first time at the test launch of anintercontinental ballistic missile on 18 November 2022.[2][15] The state-runKorean Central News Agency released photos of Kim Ju Ae and her father inspecting aHwasong-17 missile together before its launch.[15] Her public debut came amid worseninginter-Korean relations due to a record number of North Korean missile launches.[16] Rachel Minyoung Lee, a senior analyst at the Open Nuclear Network inVienna, Austria, suggests that the photos may have been intended to "bolster [Kim Jong Un's] image as the father of the people and the nation", and "highlight the necessity of nuclear weapons programmes for the security of future generations", with Ju Ae representing future generations.[16] Kim Ju Ae subsequently made four more public appearances from late November 2022 to early February 2023.[7] On 14 February 2023, the state-runKorea Stamp Corporation unveiled postage stamps featuring Kim Ju Ae and Kim Jong Un at the 18 November missile launch.[17]
Kim Ju Ae was present at a number of official ceremonies and processions in 2023. She participated in official festivities with her father during that year's celebration of theDay of the Shining Star, the birth anniversary of her grandfatherKim Jong Il, on 16 February.[18] She appeared with her father once again on 9 September, ata parade marking the 75thanniversary of the foundation of North Korea.[19] At the end of the year, she attended New Year's Eve celebrations with her father at theMay Day Stadium in Pyongyang.[20]
Kim Ju Ae's public prominence has led to speculation by North Korea analysts about her future position in the country.Richard Lloyd Parry ofThe Times suggests that it may be a response to rivalries within the North Korean government and an attempt to reassert the political supremacy of theKim family.[21] Go Myong-hyun, a senior fellow at theAsan Institute for Policy Studies in Seoul, likewise argues that Kim Ju Ae's public presentation is that of a princess and is an attempt by state media to normalise the Kim family's rule "by adopting the trappings of [a]European-style monarchy".[16] A number of other analysts have speculated that she has been chosen as her father's successor as supreme leader, which could make her the first woman to serve in the top position.[7][22][23][24] This hypothesis was echoed by the NIS at the start of 2024, after the agency made its annual assessment of North Korea.[20]
In a closed-door meeting on 29 July 2024, the NIS reported to members ofSouth Korea's National Assembly that Kim Ju Ae was being trained to succeed her father as supreme leader.[25][26][27][28]Park Jie-won, who served as the NIS' director from 2020 to 2022, dismissed the report's findings, noting that possible successors had previously been kept hidden from the public eye. He further argued that the North Korean government has historically beenpatriarchal, making Kim Ju Ae's ascension unlikely.[29] Park's comments were echoed by a number of North Korea analysts who further posited that Kim Ju Ae, being a child, was politically unproven, and so the decision to make her Kim Jong Un's successor would have been premature.[8][29][30]
^Han, Do-hyeong (9 February 2023).김주애 '존경하는 자제분' 표현, 김정은 인간미 강조 수준 넘어선 것 [Kim Ju Ae's expression of 'respected daughter' goes beyond emphasising Kim Jong Un's humanity].Radio Free Asia (in Korean). Retrieved26 October 2024.
^Ahn, Yong-hyun (4 November 2022).'후사' 언급한 김정은, 4대 세습 시동 거나 [Kim Jong Un mentions 'successor', starts fourth generation of hereditary succession].The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved26 October 2024 – viaNaver News.
^"김정은 딸, '주애' 아닌 '주예'... 주민 개명 권고 있었다" [Kim Jong Un's daughter is named 'Ju Ye', not 'Ju Ae'... North Korean citizens ordered to change their names] (YouTube) (in Korean). Seoul, South Korea:Channel A News. 4 September 2024.
^To keep the tree of manageable size, it omits five out of the seven known legitimate children of Kim Il Sung. Other children not shown in the tree are:Kim Man-il (1944-1947; child ofKim Jong Suk), Kim Kyong-jin (1952-; child ofKim Song-ae), Kim Yong-il (1955-2000; child of Kim Song-ae), and Kim Kyong Suk (1951-; child of Kim Song-ae). A stillborn daughter is also omitted. Kim Il Sung was reported to have had other children with women who he was not married to; they included Kim Hyŏn-nam (born 1972). Also, only some of the descendants of Kim Jong Il and Kim Jung Un (Kim Il Sung's successors) are included.
^Korean names often have a variety of transliterations into English, which can be confusing. For example, "Kim Jong-chul" may also be written "Gim Jeong-cheol" or "Kim Jŏng-ch'ŏl" among many other variations. SeeKorean romanization for more information.
^Official North Korean biographies of Kim Jong Il list his birth year as 1942. TheKorean calendar is based upon theChinese zodiac which is believed to characterize one's personality. The year 1942 (Year of the Horse), in addition to being 30 years since Kim Il Sung's birth may be viewed as a better year than others, thus creating a motive to lie about a birth year.
^Official North Korean biographies of Kim Jong Un list his birth year as 1982. TheKorean calendar is based upon theChinese zodiac which is believed to characterize one's personality. The year 1982 (Year of the Dog), in addition to being 70 years since Kim Il Sung's birth, may be viewed as a better year than others, thus creating a motive to lie about a birth year.
^Birth year for Kim Ju Ae is not publicly known. She may have been born in either late 2012 or early 2013.
Kim Jong-un showcases missiles in military parade with daughter Kim Ju-ae at his side.The Telegraph (YouTube). 9 February 2023.
Media related toKim Ju-ae at Wikimedia Commons