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Kilik Pass

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Coordinates:37°05′00″N74°40′32″E / 37.0832°N 74.6756°E /37.0832; 74.6756

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

High altitude border pass between Pakistan and China

Not to be confused with the Kilik Pass just west of theSanju Pass, which led fromXaidulla into theTarim Basin.

Kilik Pass

Elevation	4,827 metres (15,837 ft)
Location	China–Pakistan border
Range	Karakorum Mountains
Coordinates	37°05′00″N74°40′32″E / 37.0832°N 74.6756°E /37.0832; 74.6756
Kilik Pass Location of the Kilik Pass within the greaterKarakoram region Show map of Southern Xinjiang Kilik Pass Kilik Pass (Gilgit Baltistan) Show map of Gilgit Baltistan

Kilik Pass

Chinese name

Traditional Chinese

基里克達坂

Simplified Chinese

基里克达坂

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	jīlǐkè dábǎn

Alternative Chinese name

Traditional Chinese

克里克山口

Simplified Chinese

克里克山口

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	kèlǐkè shānkǒu

Uyghur name

Uyghur

كىلىك ئېغىزى‎

Urdu name

Urdu

کِلیک درہ

TheKilik Pass (elevation 4,827 m or 15,837 ft;Chinese:基里克达坂;^[1]Urdu:کلوک پاس) to the west ofMintaka Pass is a high mountain pass in theKarakorum Mountains betweenGilgit-Baltistan inPakistan andXinjiang inChina. The two passes were, in ancient times, the two main access points into the UpperHunza Valley (also calledGojal Valley) from the north. In addition, the two passes were also the paths used to reachChalachigu Valley andTaghdumbash Pamir from the south.

History

[edit]

In ancient times, Mintaka Pass and Kilik Pass were the shortest and quickest way into northern India from theTarim Basin, and one that was usually open all year, but was extremely dangerous and only suited for travellers on foot. FromTashkurgan one travelled just over 70 kilometres (40 mi) south to the junction of the Minteke River, modern dayChalachigu River. Heading some 80 kilometres (50 mi) west up this valley one reached the Mintaka Pass, (and 30 kilometres (20 mi) further, the alternative Kilik Pass), which both led into upper Hunza from where one could travel over the infamousrafiqs or "hanging passages" toGilgit and on, either to Kashmir, or to the Gandharan plains.^[2]

Laden animals could be taken over the Mintaka and Kilik passes into upperHunza (both open all year), but then loads would have to be carried bycoolie (porters) toGilgit (an expensive and dangerous operation). From there, cargoes could be reloaded ontopack animals again and taken either east toKashmir and then on toTaxila (a long route), or west toChitral which provided relatively easy access to eitherJalalabad, orPeshawar viaSwat.

The Mintaka Pass was the main one used in ancient times until the fairly recent advance of glacier ice. After the glaciation of the Mintaka Pass, the Kilik Pass was favoured by caravans coming from China and Afghanistan as it is wider, free of glaciers and provided enough pasture for caravan animals.^[3]

The "Sacred Rock of Hunza" has numerouspetroglyphs depicting mounted horseman and ibex along with Kharoshthi inscriptions that mentionSaka andPahlava rulers. Historians assess thatMaues must have used the Karakorum route via Mintaka or Kilik passes to captureTaxila in the first century BCE.^[4]

During the 1890s, the British established outposts near the pass as part ofthe Great Game against Russia.^[5] The area was surveyed and Kilik Pass was deemed easily defensible in the event of a Russian invasion.^[6] This likely have influenced the boundary delineation in the area.^[7]

Current status

[edit]

Since the construction of the newKarakoram Highway further south over theKhunjerab Pass, the pass has fallen out of use. As of late 2010s, on the Pakistani side, there are some trekking companies that offer tours to Kilik Pass.^[8] On the Chinese side, the entire valley around Kilik Pass is closed to visitors; however, local residents and herders from the area are permitted to access.^{[citation needed]}

Footnotes

[edit]

^中华人民共和国政府和巴基斯坦政府关于中国新疆和由巴基斯坦实际控制其防务的各个地区相接壤的边界的协定 [China-Pakistan Border Agreement] (in Chinese). 1963-03-02 – viaWikisource.穿过基里克达坂（达旺）
^Hill, John E. (September 2003)."Section 20 The Kingdom of Suoche 莎車 (Yarkand).".The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu.University of Washington. Retrieved2017-02-07.
^"Historical Kilik and Mintika Pass".www.gojal.net. 2006. Archived fromthe original on 2014-10-18. Retrieved2017-02-02.
^Puri, B. N. (1996),"The Sakas and Indo-Parthians"(PDF), inJános Harmatta (ed.),History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II: The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to AD> 250, UNESCO Publishing, pp. 185–186,ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5
^Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year ... D. Appleton & Company. 1895. p. 368.Previous to this Russian advance the British were said to have established outposts at the Kilik and Mintaka passes beyond the Hindu Kush.
^Sir Norman Lockyer (1899).Nature. Macmillan Journals Limited. p. 496.The keynote of his views is expressed in the title of a photograph of the Kilik Pass, which is described as one of the few passes by which India might be invaded. We presume that the Mintaka is another. But ... with which even a small undisciplined force can stop a whole army, when acting in difficult ground and on the defensive.
^Parshotam Mehra (1992).An "agreed" frontier: Ladakh and India's northernmost borders, 1846-1947. Oxford University Press. p. 123.ISBN 978-0-19-562758-9.Kilik pass which was rated of potentially great importance in the event of a war with Russia. The fact that it could only be defended with small numbers made it very necessary to align the border so that this could be done as effectively as possible.
^Nisar Ali Rozi."Treks / Kilick". Hunza Adventure Tours. Archived fromthe original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved2017-02-07.

Xinjiang topics

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History

Pre-Han dynasty	Tocharians Western Regions Loulan Shule Yuezhi Kucha Karasahr Xiongnu Gaochang Khotan
Han dynasty	Protectorate of the Western Regions Chief Official of the Western Regions Kingdom of Khotan Sixteen Kingdoms Gaochang Göktürks First Western Eastern Second
Tang dynasty	Protectorate General to Pacify the West Four Garrisons of Anxi Beiting Protectorate Tibetan Empire Uyghur Khaganate Qocho Kara-Khanid Khanate Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin Qara Khitai
Yuan dynasty	Mongol Empire *Chagatai Khanate Moghulistan Kara Del Turpan Khanate Yarkent Khanate Dzungar Khanate Dzungar conquest of Altishahr Dzungar–Qing Wars Dzungar genocide Kumul Khanate
Qing dynasty	Qing rule Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas Afaqi Khoja revolts Holy War of the Seven Khojas General of Ili Reconquest of Xinjiang
Republic of China	Xinjiang Wars First East Turkestan Republic Second East Turkestan Republic Ili Rebellion
PR China	PRC incorporation

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"Three Mountains and Two Basins"	Altai Mountains Junggar Basin Dzungaria Tian Shan Tarim Basin Taklamakan Desert Kunlun Mountains
Other Landscapes	Cities Gurbantünggüt Desert Kumtag Desert Turpan Depression Karakoram Mountains Pamir Mountains
Transportation	Hexi Corridor Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway Southern Xinjiang railway Northern Xinjiang railway Jinghe–Yining–Khorgos railway Kuytun–Beitun railway Ürümqi–Dzungaria railway Hami–Lop Nur railway Kashgar–Hotan railway China Railway Ürümqi Group

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Category
Commons

Mountain passes of China

Geography of China

On the border

Kazakhstan	Dzungarian Gate
Kyrgyzstan	Bedel Pass Irkeshtam Pass Torugart Pass
Tajikistan	Beyik Pass Kulma Pass Nezatash Pass
Afghanistan	Wakhjir Pass Tegermansu Pass
Pakistan	Khunjerab Pass Kilik Pass Mintaka Pass Mustagh Pass
India	Bum La Pass Cho La Diphu Pass Dongkha La Indira Col Jelep La Karakoram Pass Kepang La Kongka Pass Lipulekh Pass Mana Pass Nathu La Rezang La Shipki La Spanggur Gap Tulung La
Nepal	Korala Lho La Nangpa La South Col
Myanmar	Diphu Pass Isu Razi Pass
Vietnam	Friendship Pass

In the interior

On theGreat Wall	Dajingmen Gubeikou Jiayu Pass Huangya Pass Jingxing Pass Juyong Pass Niangzi Pass Pingxing Pass (Pingxingguan) Shanhai Pass (Shanhaiguan) Yang Pass Yanmen Pass Yumen Pass
Guanzhong area	Dasan Pass (Sanguan) Tong Pass (Tongguan) Wu Pass
Xinjiang area	Dehra La Hindutash Iron Gate Pass Kirgizjangal Pass (Heiqia) Mazar Pass Muzart Pass Sanju Pass
Tibet area	Cherko la Laken La Lanak La Lhagba La Mayum La North Col Semo La Tanggula Pass
Other	Biandukou Cho La, Sichuan Hangu Pass Hulao Pass Jianmen Pass Kunlun Pass Lazikou Pass Mei Pass