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Khoshut

The Khoshuts with theOirat Confederation
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Oirat dialect
Religion
Tibetan Buddhism,Mongolian shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Mongols, especiallyOirats

TheKhoshut (Mongolian: Хошууд,ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ,qoşūd,Chinese:和碩特; literally "bannermen," fromMiddle Mongolianqosighu "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of theOirat people. They established theKhoshut Khanate in the area ofQinghai in 1642–1717.

Originally, Khoshuuds were one of theKhorchin tribes in southeasternMongolian Plateau, but in the mid-15th century they migrated to western Mongolian Plateau to become an ally of the Oirats to counter the military power in central Mongolian Plateau. Their ruling family Galwas was theHasarid-Khorchins who were deported by the Western Mongols.

The Khoshuts first appeared in the 1580s and by the 1620s were the most powerful Oirat tribe. They led others in converting toBuddhism. In 1636Güshi Khan led many Khoshuds to occupy Kokenuur (Qinghai). TheKhoshut Khanate was established in 1642. Some time after 1645, his brother Kondeleng Ubashi migrated to theVolga, joining theKalmyks. However, many Khoshuts remained in the Oirat homelandDzungaria under Ochirtu Setsen.

After theDzungar leaderGaldan Boshogtu Khan killed Ochirtu, the Khoshut chief Khoroli submitted to theQing dynasty with his people in 1686 and resettled inAlashan.

The Khoshuts of theDzungar Khanate remained influential until the Qingannihilated them in 1755. In 1771 the Volga Khoshuts fled back to Dzungaria with theKalmyks and were resettled by the Qing aroundBosten Lake. Their small remnants under a Tumen family inKalmykia were influential until 1917. Another part of them was formed into a separate banner inBulgan Province,Khovd Province; but they were counted asTorghut who migrated with them in much larger numbers.

The Khoshuts in Alashan numbered 36,900 in 1990.

The Khoshuts around Bosten Lake numbered more than 12,000 in 1999.

• Lha-bzang Khan, Khoshut chief and King of Tibet
• Upper Mongols

• Санчиров В. П. О Происхождении этнонима торгут и народа, носившего это название // Монголо-бурятские этнонимы: cб. ст. — Улан-Удэ: БНЦ СО РАН, 1996. C. 31—50. - in Russian
• Ovtchinnikova O., Druzina E., Galushkin S., Spitsyn V., Ovtchinnikov I. An Azian-specific 9-bp deletion in region V of mitochondrial DNA is found in Europe // Medizinische Genetic. 9 Tahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Humangenetik, 1997, p. 85.
• Haines, R Spencer (2018). "Charismatic Authority in Context: An Explanation of Guushi Khan's Swift Rise to Power in the Early 17th Century".Mongolica: An International Journal of Mongolian Studies.52. International Association of Mongolists:24–31.
• Galushkin S.K., Spitsyn V.A., Crawford M.H. Genetic Structure of Mongolic-speaking Kalmyks // Human Biology, December 2001, v.73, no. 6, pp. 823–834.
• Хойт С.К. Генетическая структура европейских ойратских групп по локусам ABO, RH, HP, TF, GC, ACP1, PGM1, ESD, GLO1, SOD-A // Проблемы этнической истории и культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Сборник научных трудов. Вып. I. Элиста: КИГИ РАН, 2009. с. 146-183. - in Russian
• [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htmХойт С.К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII-XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. No. 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220-243.]
• Хойт С.К. Кереиты в этногенезе народов Евразии: историография проблемы. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. – 82 с.ISBN 978-5-91458-044-2 (Khoyt S.K. Kereits in enthnogenesis of peoples of Eurasia: historiography of the problem. Elista: Kalmyk State University Press, 2008. – 82 p. (in Russian))
• [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htmХойт С.К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. No. 3, 2012. с. 215-245.]
• Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Wozniak, Tomasz Grzybowski and Ilya Zakharov Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at theethnical and tribal levels // Journal of Human Genetics (2013), 1–8.
• Хойт С.К.Этническая история ойратских групп. Элиста, 2015. 199 с. (Khoyt S.K. Ethnic history of oyirad groups. Elista, 2015. 199 p. in Russian)
• video about khoshuuds
• Хойт С.К.Данные фольклора для изучения путей этногенеза ойратских групп // Международная научная конференция «Сетевое востоковедение: образование, наука, культура», 7-10 декабря 2017 г.: материалы. Элиста: Изд-во Калм. ун-та, 2017. с. 286-289. (in Russian)

• Mongols
• Oirats
• Mongol peoples

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