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 The Khoshuts with theOirat Confederation | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
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| Languages | |
| Oirat dialect | |
| Religion | |
| Tibetan Buddhism,Mongolian shamanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Mongols, especiallyOirats |
TheKhoshut (Mongolian: Хошууд,ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ,qoşūd,Chinese:和碩特; literally "bannermen," fromMiddle Mongolianqosighu "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of theOirat people. They established theKhoshut Khanate in the area ofQinghai in 1642–1717.
Originally, Khoshuuds were one of theKhorchin tribes in southeasternMongolian Plateau, but in the mid-15th century they migrated to western Mongolian Plateau to become an ally of the Oirats to counter the military power in central Mongolian Plateau. Their ruling family Galwas was theHasarid-Khorchins who were deported by the Western Mongols.
The Khoshuts first appeared in the 1580s and by the 1620s were the most powerful Oirat tribe. They led others in converting toBuddhism. In 1636Güshi Khan led many Khoshuds to occupy Kokenuur (Qinghai). TheKhoshut Khanate was established in 1642. Some time after 1645, his brother Kondeleng Ubashi migrated to theVolga, joining theKalmyks. However, many Khoshuts remained in the Oirat homelandDzungaria under Ochirtu Setsen.
After theDzungar leaderGaldan Boshogtu Khan killed Ochirtu, the Khoshut chief Khoroli submitted to theQing dynasty with his people in 1686 and resettled inAlashan.
The Khoshuts of theDzungar Khanate remained influential until the Qingannihilated them in 1755. In 1771 the Volga Khoshuts fled back to Dzungaria with theKalmyks and were resettled by the Qing aroundBosten Lake. Their small remnants under a Tumen family inKalmykia were influential until 1917. Another part of them was formed into a separate banner inBulgan Province,Khovd Province; but they were counted asTorghut who migrated with them in much larger numbers.
The Khoshuts in Alashan numbered 36,900 in 1990.
The Khoshuts around Bosten Lake numbered more than 12,000 in 1999.
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Underlined: the 56 officially recognised ethnic groups ranked by population in their language families according to2020 census | |||||||||||
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