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 Location of the Khorchin Mongols | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 China | 1,347,000 (1987)[1] |
| Languages | |
| Khorchin dialect ofMongolian | |
| Religion | |
| Tibetan Buddhism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Mongols,Mongols in China | |
TheKhorchin (Mongolian:Хорчин,Horchin;ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨQorčin;simplified Chinese:科尔沁部;traditional Chinese:科爾沁部) are a subgroup of theMongols that speak theKhorchin dialect ofMongolian and predominantly live in northeasternInner Mongolia of China.
TheMing dynasty gaveBorjigin princes (descended fromGenghis Khan's brothers) command of the Taining Guard, one of the Three Guards established in 1389. In 1446-48 most of the guards fled in the wake ofEsen Tayisi's invasions. However, the Fuyu Guard, another of the Three Guards, remained along theNen andOnon rivers. Said to have been the descendants ofKhasar,[2] a brother of Genghis Khan, they became the direct ancestors of the Khorchin Mongols.[3]
Adai Khan of the Khorchin challenged the power of theFour Oirats and the Ming court in the succession struggle ofNorthern Yuan dynasty. However, he was killed by them inEjene in 1438 and his tribe was forced to flee southward. The Khorchin appeared again in Mongolian chronicles with the rise of Uneboladwang in the late 15th century. The Khorchins allied withDayan Khan and defeated theUriyangkhai at the battle of Dalan Terqin in 1510.
In 1624,Nurhaci received the submission of Khorchins who roamed east ofKhingan mountains and west of theSungari. They were the first Mongol tribe that submitted toQing dynasty.[4] The Khorchins were responsible for production offermented mare's milk forManchu emperors. The later emperors of the Manchu Qing dynasty rewarded the Khorchin nobles highly for this early loyalty. NotableEmpresses of the Qing dynasty, such asEmpress Xiaozhuangwen (1613–88) andEmpress Xiaohuizhang (1641–1717), were the Khorchin-Borjigins.[5] The Khorchins were further divided into two wings (north and south), each with three Banners.[6]
Due to the anti-Mongol rebellion amongethnic HanJindandao followers in 1891, many thousands ofKharchin Mongols fled to the Khorchin. After 1900 both Chinese education and Chinese influence spread among them. When theJapanese Empire occupied parts ofInner Mongolia and all ofManchuria in 1931, the Khorchins leaders became the puppets of the Japanese Empire. AfterWorld War II rural class struggle and the civil war of 1946–48 were very bloody and divisive. Since then they have been a powerfulfaction withinInner Mongolia'sChinese Communist Party apparatus.
Korchin is a playable nation in thegrand strategy gameEuropa Universalis IV.
Khorchin is a playable nation in the grand strategy gameAge of History 2, where its capital isBaicheng.
Narangoa, Li (2014).Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. New York: Columbia University Press.ISBN 9780231160704.
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Underlined: the 56 officially recognised ethnic groups ranked by population in their language families according to2020 census | |||||||||||
