Look upPatsho Khiamniungan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Patsho Khiamniungan
pɑ³³tsʰɒ⁵⁵
Pronunciation	Khiamniungan Naga pronunciation:[/pɑ³³tsʰɒ⁵⁵kʰiɑm³³ɲu⁵⁵ŋn⁵⁵/]
Native to	India
Region	Noklak District,Nagaland
Ethnicity	Khiamniungan Naga
Native speakers	120,000 approx. in Myanmar and 61,983 approx (2011)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Brahmaputran Konyak Konyak–Chang Khiamniungic Khiamniungan South Khiamniungan Naga Patsho Khiamniungan
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kix
Glottolog	pats1234
Patsho-speaking region

Patsho Khiamniungan orKhiamniungan is aSino-Tibetan language spoken inNoklak district in the state ofNagaland, India.^[2]

The Patsho Khiamniungan alphabet consists of the following letters:

^[3]

This makes for 27 letters in Patsho Khiamniungan.

Patsho denotes both an indigenous Tibeto-Burman language of the Kuki-Chin-Naga cluster and its associated ethnolinguistic community, primarily centered in eastern Nagaland, India. The term exhibits referential polysemy: it functions as atoponym for Patsho Village—a high-population settlement inNoklak District serving as the community’s cultural heartland; ademonym for the village-originating ethnic group; and aglossonym for their native tongue. While the village anchors Patsho identity geographically and demographically, the label extends secondarily to diaspora populations maintaining linguistic and cultural ties to this nucleus.^[2]

Patsho Khiamniungan is a Sino-Tibetan,^[4] compound of two words.Patsho is a village in Nagaland andKhiamniungan refers to one of the major tribes inNagaland.^[5]

The phonological inventory of Patsho Khiamniungan is as follows:

^[3]

There are four phonemic tones in Patsho,

• high level /55/
• mid level /33/
• high falling /52/
• low /31/^[3]

Patsho Khiamniungan has the followingdiphthongs:

Patsho Khiamniungan has the followingtriphthongs:

• iai, as inhiai,
• iau as inhiauh,kiau,
• uai, as inhuai,kuai,
• üie, as inkhǖîe
• uau, as inliuau,
• uou, as inTiuou,
• oua, as intouap,

• èi sōih-à jǖ-shíu-shī-ê.

1sg.ABS go.away-INF NEG-be.able-RSMPT-IRR

‘I won't be able to go away again.’

(AC4-20170109_KIX1-002)

• ngǖ-ōh yôh nǜ hâkūtî vâuh tèu-nyê.

1SG-ERG pig DEM large rear keep-REAL

I am rearing a large pig

(AC4-20050127_KIX1_001)

• nyǖ-ōh ātsòu èi jūa-ê tə)náihtǖ,

2SG-ERG really 1SG.ABS call-IRR COND

nyǖ-ōh ā-jāmsǖkōuh mèi-kǖ ā-hīe.

2SG-ERG 2SG.POSS-household good-SIM IMP-make

If you really plan to call me (to marry), then you set your^[6]

The verbs are not conjugated as in languages such asEnglish andFrench by changing thedesinence of words, but the tense (in a sentence) is clarified by theaspect and the addition of some particles, such as

• -e (Irrealis mood suffix -encoding a hypothetical or predicted situation. ),

For example: Ei phu-e/I will come

• nye (Realis mood - used to encode actualized events and states),

For example: Ei khunye/I went

• -shī (resumptive aspect-nominal suffix),

For example: Lü khushi/go again(lü-imperative prefix/mood)(authoritative command)

• nyü (Prohibitive mood),

For example:Nyü khu/Don't go

• ie (nominal suffix. reciprocal suffix),

For example: Nyü vei-ie/Don't fight

Nouns arepluralized by suffixing-hoi, for example:

For declarative sentences,negation is achieved by adding the particlejü (not) in the beginning or middle of a sentence. For example,

(1).

• “Standard” Nagamese (Indo-Aryan):

kana hik-i-bole song learn-EP-INF6

‘to learn a song’

• Patsho Khiamniungan (Konyakian):

tsūihāng līam-ā song search-INF

‘to learn a song’

• Nagamese of Patsho Khiamniungan speakersː

kana pisar-i-bole song search-EP-INF

‘to learn a song

(2)

• Mongsen Ao (Indo-Burmic):

tāŋ%āɹ tʃū nə) tə)-pāʔ khə) tə)-jā nə)t other DIST AGT RL-father CONJ RL-mother two tāŋ tʃū nə) wā-ə+ɹ, SIDE DIST ALL go-SEQ

‘Others went to the mother and father,…’

(lit. to the mother and father's side), (Coupe 2017, p. 290)

• Patsho Khiamniungan (Konyakian):

lōhō mīe-nyù nǖ tōŋ-lè khù-shī-nyè. again girl-F DEM SIDE-LOC go-RPET-REAL

‘Again he went to the girl.’ (lit. … to the girl's side’)

^[6]

Patsho Khiamniungan is a tonal, agglutinative andSOV language with postpositions. Adjectives, numerals and demonstratives comes after the nouns they modify, whilst relative clauses may be either externally or internally headed. Interrogative such asateitsoh? appears after the noun or subject but the wordmou? usually comes at the end, transforming the sentence into question.

• Example ofinterrogative?

• Example ofnumeral

• Example ofadjective

• Example ofdemonstrative

Demonstratives seems to appear either before noun or after, shown by the example given below.

It has undergone systematic orthographic development using theLatin script, resulting in published standardized writing conventions. This orthography serves as a foundation forpedagogical resources (e.g., primers, grammatical descriptions) and alexicographic corpus (notably a descriptive dictionary), collectively constituting a language documentation and revitalization framework.^[2][7]

The Patsho Khiamniungan orthography employs a Latin-based script comprising twenty-seven graphemes. This system exhibitsshallow orthographic depth, with grapheme-phoneme correspondences maintained through both monographic and multigraphic representations. Crucially,multigraphs function as single orthographic units despite comprising multiple glyphs: Basic Latin characters (e.g., t,s,h) represent distinct phonemes asmonographs. The trigraph <tsh>, constitutes asingle complex grapheme, representing a unitary phoneme (likely a voiceless alveolar affricate with aspiration /tsʰ/).^[3]

The following is a sample text in Patsho Khiamniungan of Article 1 of theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights:^[8] or^[9]

^[10]

• Khiamniungan language
• Khiamniungan people
• Patsho
• Nütsah
• Phie
• Pou
• Mount Khülio-King

• Khiamniungan Naga phrasebook travel guide from Wikivoyage

• Khiamniungan language
• Languages of Nagaland
• Nagaland
• 1963 establishments in India
• Northeast India

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Pages with Khiamniungan Naga IPA
• ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue
• Pages with plain IPA
• Pages with interlinear glosses using two unnamed parameters
• Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata
• Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch
• Pages using Sister project links with default search