Kharagpur | |
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 Inside Vidyasagar Industrial Park at Kharagpur .jpg) Vinod Gupta School of Management  Keshiary Road Railway over bridge  Tata Hitachi Kharagpur  Kharagpur Junction railway station, fourth longest platform in the world, divisional headquarters of South-eastern zone ofIndian railways | |
  Kharagpur Location in West Bengal Show map of West Bengal Kharagpur Location in India Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:22°19′49″N87°19′25″E / 22.330239°N 87.323653°E /22.330239; 87.323653 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| Division | Medinipur |
| Subdivision | Kharagpur |
| District | Paschim Medinipur |
| Named after | Kharga Malla |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body |
|
| • MLA | Hiran Chatterjee[2] (BJP) |
| • Chairman | Kalyani Ghosh[3] (TMC) |
| • MP | June Malia[4] (TMC) |
| • District Magistrate | Khursheed Ali Qadri,IAS |
| Area | |
• Total | 127 km2 (49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 61 m (200 ft) |
| Population (2011)[5] | |
• Total | 299,683[1] |
| • Rank | 5th in West Bengal 221st in India |
| • Density | 2,360/km2 (6,110/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali,English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 721301 - 721305 |
| Telephone code | 03222 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-WB |
| Vehicle registration | WB-36-xxxx |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Medinipur |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Kharagpur Sadar |
| Website | kharagpurmunicipality |
Kharagpur (Bengali:[kʰɔɽɔɡɔpuɾ]ⓘ) is a semi-planned urban agglomeration and a major industrial city in thePaschim Medinipur district ofWest Bengal,India. It is the headquarters of theKharagpur subdivision and the largest city of the district.[6] It is located 120 km west ofKolkata. Kharagpur holds the oldest and biggestIndian Institute of Technology namelyIIT Kharagpur. It has one of the largest railway workshops in India. Kharagpur Junction contains the fourth longestrailway platform in the world (1072.5 m)[7] and is the headquarter of theKharagpur Division of theSouth Eastern Railways.
Kharagpur received its name from the twelfth king of theMallabhum dynasty,Kharga Malla, when he conquered it.[when?][8][9] Kharagpur was a part of theHijli Kingdom and ruled by HinduOdia rulers as a feudatory underGajapati Kings ofOdisha.[10][need quotation to verify] Historians claim that in the 16th century, Kharagpur was still a small village surrounded by dense forests. The village was on high rocky barren land. The only inhabited settlement near Kharagpur wasHijli, a small island village on the banks of theRasulpur River, in the delta of the Bay of Bengal. It developed into a port town in 1687. Hijli was also a province and it existed until 1886. It covered parts of Bengal and Orissa. It had important towns likeTamluk,Panskura, andDebra, along with theKeleghai andHaldi rivers on the north, south, and east sides bounded byBay of Bengal and Kharagpur,Keshiary,Dantan, andJaleswar on the west.[citation needed]
Hijli was ruled byTaj Khan who was the disciple of Guru Peer Mackdram Sha Chisti. It was also ruled by theKushan,Gupta, andPal dynasties, and by theMughals. It is said that Hijli had excellent business and trade centers with judiciary, prison, and administrative offices during the reign ofHindu kings[who?] and during the Mughal Raj. The capital of Hijli was inBahiri up to 1628 and was shifted to Hijli afterwards. Hijli Province was at its peak in 1754 and was highly prosperous during this period.[citation needed]
Captain Nicolson was the first English colonialist to invade Hijli and captured the port. In 1687Job Charnock with soldiers and warships captured Hijli, defeating Hindu[who?] and Mughal defenders. After the war with the Mughals, a treaty was signed between Job Charnock and the Mughal Emperor. The loss suffered by Job Charnock forced him to leave Hijli and to proceed towardsUluberia, while the Mughal Emperor continued to rule the province.[11][12] From there, they finally settled at Sutanuti inKolkata to establish their business in Eastern India.[13] This was the start of theEast India Company in India. Hijli as we know it today is only a small part of the Hijli Province, and was created for establishing administrative offices by the British in the 19th century. It is curious that almost the entire Kharagpur division of today has boundaries identical to Hijli Province.
In the 18th centuryKhejuri, another port town was set up on the banks of the Koukhali River in the delta region. It was established by the British primarily for carrying out trade with European countries. Khejuri was also an island. In the devastating cyclone of 1864, both ports were destroyed. The islands have since merged with the mainland.[14]
Kharagpur is located at22°19′49″N87°19′25″E / 22.330239°N 87.323653°E /22.330239; 87.323653.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the city. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Kharagpur is the fourth largest city of West Bengal in area after Kolkata,Durgapur andAsansol. It is also the fifth most populated city of West Bengal after Kolkata, Asansol,Siliguri, Durgapur - located at22°19′49″N87°19′25″E / 22.330239°N 87.323653°E /22.330239; 87.323653, covering an area of about 127 km2 in southern part of West Midnapore.[15] It has an average elevation of 29 metres (95 ft). This sub-division town is formed with Dalma Pahar and alluvial tract of Midnapore. It is intersected by numerous waterways, the important rivers beingSubarnarekha,Keleghai andKangsabati.
Nimpura contains colonies housing thousands of railway employees. There is a long winding road from Nimpura to Hijli which goes through Tangrahut (Arambati), Talbagicha and another fromKalaikunda to Gopali through Hiradihi, Talbagicha and Hijli cooperative society also planned residential area of Kharagpur city. The south of Kharagpur is a planned area belonging to theIndian Railways and which was established by the Britishers as a residential area. Nearby is the Kharagpur Municipality and the fire station. Kharagpur Railway Colony is the biggest railway settlement in India having about 13,000 quarters. There are several railway residential areas namely Chhota Ayma, Bara Ayma, Old Settlement, New Settlement, Mathurakati, Nimpura, South Side, Traffic and several more. The BNR (Bengal Nagpur Railway) ground, owned by the railway, is a very large undeveloped playground which holds great potential to be developed and properly maintained. Outside the railway settlement popular areas are Bhawanipur, Subhaspally, Kharida, Malancha, Inda, Jhapatapur, Talbagicha, Prem Bazaar, amongst others. An important market place has developed in and around Gole Bazaar, a reliable but highly congested shopping destination for locals.[16] Other marketplaces like Talbagicha Bazar, Gate Bazar, Inda Bazar, Puratan Bazar, the Janata Market, the DVC market and the Technology market are also renowned in Kharagpur. Growth is witnessed around Chowringhee and Inda areas where new constructions and projects are taking shape.Big Bazaar, operated by Future Group, was the first mall to open in Kharagpur. It remained the only mall in the town for nearly a decade. Post 2017, a number of new malls and shopping centers have opened, including aSpencer's. The Railway Garden (also known asBNR garden) on the south side of railway station is a park and is frequented by people of all ages, being a popular picnic spot. It offers toy-train rides within the park.[17]
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Kharagpur has atropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw). Summers start in March and are hot and humid, with average temperatures close to 30 °C (86 °F). They are followed by the monsoon season that sees about 1140 mm (45 inches) of rain. Winters are brief but chilly, lasting from December to mid February, with average temperatures around 22 °C (72 °F). Total annual rainfall is around 1400mm.[18]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1911 | 18,957 | — |
| 1921 | 25,280 | +33.4% |
| 1931 | 58,134 | +130.0% |
| 1941 | 87,135 | +49.9% |
| 1951 | 129,636 | +48.8% |
| 1961 | 147,253 | +13.6% |
| 1971 | 161,257 | +9.5% |
| 1981 | 232,575 | +44.2% |
| 1991 | — | |
| 2001 | — | |
| 2011 | 299,683 | — |
| Source:Census of India[19] | ||
Bengali is the most commonly spoken language of the region. Other common languages areHindi,Urdu,Odia,Telugu andPunjabi.[21]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 82.73% | |||
| Islam | 11.33% | |||
| Christianity | 1.88% | |||
| Other or not stated | 4.04% | |||
As of 2011[update] Indiacensus, Kharagpur Urban Agglomeration had a population of 293,719[1] out of which 150,487 were males and 143,232 were females. The 0–6 years population was 25,130. Effective literacy rate for the 7+ population was 85.61%.[22] This marks higher than the national average literacy rate of 74%.[23]
As of 2001[update] Indiacensus,[24] Kharagpur had a population of 207,984 (municipality area) and 88,339 (railway settlement area), the fourth largest in West Bengal. Males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%. Kharagpur had an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 75%, and female literacy was 52%. In Kharagpur, 10% of the population were under 6 years of age. Kharagpur acquires its unique place in India as a town of mixed ethnicity and linguistic diversity.
Kharagpur (Town) police station has jurisdiction over Kharagpur municipality.[25][26] Kharagpur (Local) police station has jurisdiction overKharagpur I andKharagpur II CD Blocks.[25][26]
The state government is also working on setting up a separate police commissionerate[27] at Kharagpur to enhance the security of this growing region.
Kharagpur Municipality looks after civic affairs in the town. There is a proposal to upgrade it to a Municipal Corporation after including the railway area under its jurisdiction. As of now responsibility of civic amenities in railway area lies with the Divisional Railway Manager, Kharagpur Division who is also the head of railway establishment in Kharagpur.
State-ownedBharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, or BSNL, as well as private enterprises, among themBharti Airtel,Jio andVodafone Idea are the leading telephone, cell phone and internet service providers in the city.[28][29]
Kharagpur has one of the largest industrial setups in West Bengal. Several large industrial plants are located in and around Kharagpur due to its proximity toKolkata, good rail and road connectivity viaNH 6 andNH 60, availability of labour, and raw materials.[30] Important establishments likeTata Metaliks,Tata Bearings, Shyam Metallics,Siemens,Godrej,Tata Hitachi,Humboldt Wedag, Ramco Cements,Grasim Industries,Indian Oil,Keventer Agro andMahindra & Mahindra have set up their plants in and around Kharagpur.[31][32][33][34][35] Many small iron rolling mills and rice mills dot the town.[36][37][citation needed] The Vidyasagar Industrial Park is located here.[38] Establishment of an IT park is also in progress.[39] Kharagpur will be part of two new economic corridors EC-1Mumbai-Kolkata and EC-14 Kharagpur-Siliguri underBharatmala project.[40][41] Recently, the government has revealed plans to establish a civilian airport.[42]
The first railway establishment at Kharagpur started with the commissioning of the rail link betweenCuttack –Balasore – Kharagpur and from Sini toKolaghat via Kharagpur. Kharagpur as a junction station was established in Railway map in December 1898.[43] The public mood and the reaction of society on introduction of rail transport in this region has been nicely depicted by the famous Bengali NovelistDr Ramapada Chowdhury (who was born and raised in Kharagpur) in his novelProthom Prohor. (1954) It is said that the people were initially afraid to travel by train for fear of the bridge collapsing, and for fear of gettingoutcaste orDalit status, since there were no separate seating arrangement for different castes and religions. However, things changed due to famines in the early 20th century. The railway company came forward and offered jobs to the local unemployed men, gave them free rides on trains, and even offered blankets to those travelling by train. This promotional scheme broke the taboos and made rail transport acceptable to this society.
Midnapur's District Headquarters was connected to the bank of theKosai River in February 1900. Construction of the bridge over Kosai completed in June 1901. The rail line fromHowrah to Kolaghat up to the Eastern bank and from Kharagpur up to Western bank ofRupnarayan River was completed in 1899. However, trains between Howrah and Kharagpur were possible only in April 1900 after the bridge overRupnarayan River was completed.[44]
Howrah –Amta light Railway (2 ft gauge - 610 mm) line was completed in 1898 and was operated by M/s Martin & Co. of Calcutta. This link remained operative till 1971. After closure of the light railways, the demand for a broad gauge line between Howrah and Amta gained momentum. The project was completed in four phases. In the first phase, the line betweenSantragachi andDomjur was completed in 1984.[45] In the second phase it got extended up toBargachia in 1985, and later up toMunsirhat.[46] Mahendralal Nagar station was completed in 2000, and the final leg to Amta was completed in December 2004.
Former captain of Indian Cricket teamMahendra Singh Dhoni also worked as a ticket collector at the Kharagpur Railway station from 2000 to 2003 before commencing his cricket career playing for India.[47]
The need for a rail link betweenPanskura andTamluk was conceived at the beginning of the 20th century, almost at the same time the rail link between Howrah and Kharagpur was opened. The railway company received offers for construction from two Agencies, M/s Martin & Company and M/s Babu Nibaran Chandra Dutta, the former against a guaranteed return of 3.5% while the latter with none. Although the offer of the latter was lucrative, the dilemma of whether to offer the work of construction to a native or not forced the project to be abandoned. After Independence, the requirement of rail link connecting Panskura and Durgachak came up primarily for the purpose of constructing theHaldia Port.[48] The rail link betweenPanskura –Durgachak viaTamluk completed in 1968, which was later extended toHaldia in 1975. Extension of the rail link toDigha from Tamluk was sanctioned in 1984;[46] it took 20 years to complete, set in two phases. The first phase linked Tamluk andContai in November 2003, and the tourist destinationDigha was connected toHowrah in December 2004.[49]
Geographical location of Kharagpur and its rail links with the rest of the country favored the construction of a centralized workshop with facilities to carry out major repairs of all broad gauge stock. The work was sanctioned in 1900; construction of the workshop was completed in 1904.[43]
Kharagpur has Asia's largest railwaySolid State Interlocking (SSI) system.[50]
The Railways also plan to have anEast Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor stretching from Kharagpur inWest Bengal toVijayawada ofAndhra Pradesh.[51][52][53]
The need for a centralized Hospital at Khargpur was also felt in the late 19th century. Subsequently, a Hospital with complete medical facilities was established in 1897. DrArthur Martin-Leake,Victorian Cross winner was appointed as Chief Medical Officer of Kharagpur Hospital in 1904.[54] However the town still needs good private hospitals and advanced medication and healthcare facilities as in current situation its citizens have to depend on Kolkata for treatment, which is at a distance of 132 km.
Today, the Railway Main Hospital[55] and Kharagpur Sub-divisional Hospital (Chandmari Hospital)[56] are main public sector hospitals in Kharagpur. Recently, since the city lies at an important junction of state and national highways, a Trauma Care Centre of level - 3 category is being set up in Kharagpur Sub-divisional Hospital.[57] A number of private clinics and nursing homes also operate here.
Dr. B. C. Roy Institute of Medical Science & Research is a medical college and hospital near IIT Kharagpur.[58][59]
Places of worship include a Durga Mandir and Jama Masjid at Gole Bazar and at Kharida, Sitala Mandir at Puratan Bazar, Kanaka Durga Temple near Nimpura, Jagannath Mandir near Gate Bazar, a Gurudwara at Subhaspally and at Nimpura, Jalaram Temple at Jhapatapur and several religious structures.[60]
Kharagpur has a Book Fair (Kharagpur Boimela in Bengali)[61] which started in 2000 and is held every January. A Flower Fair (Pushpa Mela in Bengali) is also organized every year.
The city also host a multiplex namedBombay Cineplex.[62]
The firstIndian Institute of Technology of India namelyIIT Kharagpur, one of theInstitutes of National Importance, was founded in Kharagpur in May 1950.[63]
Other colleges are:
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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