| Khanda | |
|---|---|
 Khanda | |
| Type | Double-edged sword |
| Place of origin | Indian subcontinent |
| Production history | |
| Produced | Similar weapons used from at least theGupta period (320-550) to present. |
| Specifications | |
| Blade type | Double-edged, straight bladed, blunt tipped |
Thekhanda (Sanskrit:खड्ग) is a double-edge straight sword originating from theIndian subcontinent. TheRajput warrior clans venerated the khanda as a weapon of great prestige. It is often featured in religious iconography, theatre and art depicting the ancienthistory of India. It is a common weapon inIndian martial arts.[1] Khanda often appears inHindu,Jain,Buddhist andSikh scriptures and art.[2]
The wordkhanda has its origins in theSanskritkhaḍga[3] (खड्ग) orkhaṅga, from a rootkhaṇḍ meaning "to break, divide, cut, destroy". The older word for a bladed weapon,asi, is used in theRigveda in reference to either anearly form of the sword or to a sacrificial knife or dagger to be used in war.
The blade broadens from the hilt to the point, which is usually quite blunt. While both edges are sharp, one side usually has a strengthening plate along most of its length, which both adds weight to downward cuts and allows the wielder to place their hand on the plated edge. The hilt has a large plate guard and a wide finger guard connected to the pommel. The pommel is round and flat with a spike projecting from its centre. The spike may be used offensively or as a grip when delivering a two-handed stroke. The hilt is identical to that employed on another South Asian straight sword, thefirangi. TheSirohi sword is in contrast to the straight-bladed Khanda.[4]
Early swords appear in the archaeological record of ritual copper swords inFatehgarh Northern India andKallur in Southern India.[5] although the Puranas and Vedas give an even older date to the sacrificial knife.[6] Straight swords, (as well as other swords curved both inward and outward), have been used in Indian history since the Iron AgeMahajanapadas (roughly 600 to 300 BC), being mentioned in theSanskrit epics, and used by soldiers in armies such as those of theMauryan Empire. Several sculptures from theGupta era (AD 280–550) portray soldiers holding khanda-like broadswords. These are again flared out at the tip. They continued to be used in art such asChola-eramurtis.[citation needed]
There is host of paintings depicting the khanda being worn by Rajput kings throughout the medieval era. It was used usually by foot-soldiers and by nobles who were unhorsed in battle. TheRajput warrior clans venerated the khanda as a weapon of great prestige.
According to some, the design was improved by theRajput kingPrithviraj Chauhan.[citation needed] He added a back spine on the blade to add more strength. He also made the blade wider and flatter, making it a formidable cutting weapon. It also gave a good advantage to infantry over light cavalry enemy armies.
Rajput warriors in battle wielded the khanda with both hands and swung it over their head when surrounded and outnumbered by the enemy. It was in this manner that they traditionally committed an honourable last stand rather than be captured. Even today they venerate the khanda on the occasion ofDasara.
Maharana Pratap is known to have wielded a khanda. The son in law of MiyanTansen,Naubat Khan also wielded khanda and the family was known as Khandara Beenkar.Wazir Khan Khandara was a famous beenkar of 19th century.
ManySikh warriors of theAkali-Nihang order are known to have wielded khandas. For instance,Baba Deep Singh is famous for wielding a khanda in his final battle before reaching his death, which is still preserved at Akaal Takhat Sahib.[7]Akali Phula Singh is also known to have wielded a khanda, and this practise was popular among officers and leaders in theSikh Khalsa Army as well as bySikh sardars of theMisls and of theSikh Empire. The Sikh martial art,Gatka also uses khandas.
TheKhandayat community of Odisha has historically been associated with martial traditions and training in the use of the khanda sword.
In Dharmic religions, Khanda is represented aswisdom cutting through the veil of ignorance. Hindu and Buddhist deities are often shown wielding or holding khanda sword in religious art. Notably, Buddhist guardian deities likeArya Achala,Manjushri,Mahakala,Palden Lhamo etc.
In Sikhism theKhanda serves as a religious symbol, with the Khanda itself taking center within achakram, flanked by twokirpan.
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Khanda has been depicted as the preferred blade deployed byKillmonger (character) from theBlack Panther (film) trilogy.
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