| Khabash | |
|---|---|
| Khababash, Khabbash | |
![Part of the Stela of Nastasen mentioning (row 13) the Egyptian invader Kambasuten (most likely Khabash)[1]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aStela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg) Part of theStela of Nastasen mentioning (row 13) the Egyptian invaderKambasuten (most likely Khabash)[1] | |
| Pharaoh | |
| Reign | c.338 – c.335 BC |
| Predecessor | Artaxerxes III |
| Successor | Artaxerxes IV orDarius III |
| Dynasty | 31st Dynasty[3] |
Khabash, alsoKhababash orKhabbash, wasPharaoh of Egypt in the 4th century BC. During thesecond Persian occupation of Egypt (343–332 BC), he led a revolt against the Persian rule for two or three years from ca. 338 BC, a few years before the conquest of Egypt byAlexander the Great.[4]
Little is known about Khabash. His name is not Egyptian, and he may have been of Libyan or Nubian descent.[5] He is referred to as "Lord of both lands",[6] i.e.King of Upper and Lower Egypt, and as "Son of Ra", another pharaonic title, and given the throne name ofSenen-setep-en-Ptah in a decree of Ptolemy Lagides,[7] who later became KingPtolemy I Soter, dated to 312 BC.
Because the decree refers to "the enemy Xerxes", previously scholars thought that his revolt occurred in the reign ofXerxes I of Persia (486-465 BC).[8] However the discovery of ademotic contract, dated to the first year of the reign of Khabash, proved that he lived shortly before 324 BC.[9] The contract was written inThebes in Upper Egypt, and the decree of Ptolemy says that Khabash went as king toButo in Lower Egypt. Therefore it seems clear that Khabash really did have control over all, or almost all, of Egypt.[10]
Sometime in the330s BC, a ruler called Kambasuten – who may have been Khabash – led an invasion into thekingdom of Kush which was defeated by kingNastasen as recorded in a stela now in the Berlin museum.[11][12] AnApis bull sarcophagus bearing his name was found in theSerapeum of Saqqara, dating to his second regnal year.[13]
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