| Kháng | |
|---|---|
| Mang U’ | |
| Native to | Vietnam |
| Region | Sơn La andLai Châu provinces |
| Ethnicity | Khang |
Native speakers | 14,000 (2009 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kjm – inclusive codeIndividual code: xao – Khao |
| Glottolog | khan1274 |
| ELP | Kháng |
Kháng (Chinese:抗语), also known asMang U’, is anAustroasiatic language ofVietnam.[2] It is closely related to theBumang language of southernYunnan, China.
Paul Sidwell (2014)[3] classifies Khang asPalaungic, althoughJerold Edmondson (2010) suggests it isKhmuic.
Kháng is most closely related toBumang (Edmondson 2010).
Kháng speakers are an officially recognized ethnic group in Vietnam,[4] and officially numbered 10,272 in 1999.
The Kháng are distributed in the following districts of northwest Vietnam inSơn La Province andLai Châu Province:[5]
Tạ (2021) contains a phonology and word list of the Kháng dialect of Nậm Mu village,Phình Sáng commune,Tuần Giáo district,Điện Biên province.[6]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pʰp | tʰt | tʃ | kʰk | ʔ |
| Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Approximant | w | l | j |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɯ | u |
| Mid-high | e | ɤɤː | ooː |
| Mid-low | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | aaː |
Additionally, the following diphthongs can be found: /iɤ/, /ɯɤ/, /uɤ/.
Kháng also has eighttones in total, six of which appear on "live syllables" - open syllables or syllables ending with sonorants, and the other two are limited to "dead syllables" - syllables ending in the oral stops /p t k/.[6] Each tone also carries with it a specificregister affecting the phonation of the syllable.
The live syllable tones are as follows:
The dead syllable tones are as follows:
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