Kersal
Kersal Cell, built in 1563
Kersal Location withinGreater Manchester
Population	12,929 (Ward profile conducted bySalford City Council in 2014)
OS grid reference	SD815015
Metropolitan borough	City of Salford
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	SALFORD
Postcode district	M7
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
UK Parliament	Blackley and Broughton
Councillors	Ari Leitner (Conservative) Arnold Saunders (Conservative) Peter Connor (Labour)
List of places UK England Greater Manchester 53°30′36″N2°16′42″W / 53.510062°N 2.278237°W /53.510062; -2.278237

Kersal is a district ofSalford,Greater Manchester, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest ofManchester city centre.

Kersal has been variously known as Kereshale, Kershal, Kereshole, Carshall and Kersall.^[1]

The name incorporates theOld English wordhalh, meaning "a piece of flatalluvial land by the side of a river". "Kersal" indicates that this was land wherecress grew.^[2]

In 1142, Kereshale was given to thePriory of Lenton, an order ofCluniacmonks, who established an early cell there namedSt Leonard's. On theDissolution of the Monasteries in 1540Henry VIII sold the priory and its lands to one Baldwin Willoughby. It was sold eight years later to Ralph Kenyon, who was acting on behalf of himself, James Chetham ofCrumpsall and Richard Siddall ofWithington. The Kenyon third was sold about the year 1660 to the Byroms ofManchester, whose line terminated on the death ofEleanora Atherton in 1870. All the land eventually descended to, or was bought by, the Clowes family (the Lords of theManor ofBroughton) who began to sell off the land for development in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most famous resident of Kersal Cell wasJohn Byrom (1692–1763). It is said that he wrote the hymnChristians Awake there, but it is more likely that it was written at his home in theOld Shambles in Manchester above what is now the Wellington Inn.^[1] After John and his wife's death Kersal Cell was left to his daughter the enthusiastic JacobiteElizabeth Byrom. Her diary of her time with Bonnie Prince Charlie was discovered in the house.^[3]

In the 17th century, the Kersal Moor races were the great event of the year. They usually took place aroundWhit Week when large numbers of people turned the area into a giant fairground for several days.^[4] The moor was also used for nude male races, allowing females to study the form before choosing their mates. Indeed, in the 18th century,Roger Aytoun, known as "Spanking Roger", later a hero of theSiege of Gibraltar, acquired Hough Hall inMoston, through marriage after such a race.^[5] Kersal Moor was also host to one of the great political events of the 19th century, when it was the meeting place for the largest of theChartist Assemblies attended by at least 30,000 people in September 1838 and again in May 1839. It was also the site of one of the first golf courses to be built outside Scotland. Kersal Links opened in 1818, and was the oldest golf course between theThames and theTweed until it closed in 1960.^[6] The Kersal Moor races began prior to 1680 and continued, with various interruptions, until 1847 when the course was switched to the other side of theRiver Irwell, toCastle Irwell, where it remained until 1963. In 1961 the Members' Stand at the Castle Irwell Racecourse was opened and contained the world's first executive boxes. Thearchitect for the racecourse, Ernest Atherden, showed this to the directors ofManchester United who opened their first executive box in 1965, and hence began the modern corporatisation of sport.^[7]

Kersal remained a rural area until about 1840 when the Clowes family, who owned most of the land in the area, began to sell it off for development, and merchants and manufacturers began to build their mansions in the green fields ofHigher Broughton and Kersal. In keeping with their own ideas of social engineering they imposed strictcovenants on how the land was used, reserving the higher ground for more well-to-do residents and the lower ground for workers' cottages.^[8] The number ofpublic houses was severely restricted and then, only beer houses that didn't sell spirits were allowed. Singleton Road and Moor Lane were the only roads connecting Bury Old Road and Bolton Road and there was a toll bar on the corner of Bury Old Road. When Bury New Road was built in 1831 a gate or bar was erected and travellers had to pay a toll to theturnpike trust to pass through. Atoll house was erected on Bury New Road with a bay window projecting out so that the toll collector had a clear view of the road. By 1848 the local authority had taken over the road, the tolls were abolished and the toll collector's house became anewsagent's. This was the only shop in an area where the landowner's restrictive covenants prevented commercial development.^[9] The exterior of the house remains largely unchanged to this day, although it was renovated in 2007 with a two-storey extension being added to the rear. The Toll House is now a Grade IIlisted building.^[10]

In the 1930s a largecouncil housing estate was built to the east of Littleton Road. Twelve high-rise tower blocks, known as Kersal flats, were constructed for Salford Council in the 1960s. Eight of these were demolished in 1990. The other blocks were sold to private developers to renovate for private sale. TheHousing Act 1980 gavetenants theright to buy.^[11] Since then much of the council estate has been sold to sitting tenants and by 2011 just over 50% of homes in the Kersal Ward were in owner-occupation.^[12]

Kersal was originally ahamlet in thetownship ofBroughton.^[13] In 1853 the township amalgamated withSalford despite opposition from some of its more wealthy residents, who did not wish to "assimilate the cotton of Manchester or the filth of Salford".^[14] Kersal & Broughton Parkward (simply Kersal until 2021) is one of twenty, each represented by three councillors, which make up the City of Salford.

Councillors

The ward is represented by three councillors: Ari Leitner (Con),^[15] Arnold Saunders (Con)^[16] and Andrew Walters (Independent).

  indicates seat up for re-election.  indicates seat won in by-election.

Kersal is bounded on the north by Singleton Brook, which defines the border withPrestwich, on the south and west by the River Irwell and on the east byBroughton, although the exact position of the border with Broughton is difficult to determine. The west and south of the district lie in theflood-plain of the River Irwell, and consequently have historically been subject to flooding. Serious floods were documented in 1866, 1946, 1954 and 1980.^[17][18] The River Irwell Flood Defence Scheme, officially opened in 2005, useslevees and the playing fields alongside the river as an emergencywater catchment area to alleviate this problem.^[19]

The land in the north east rises steeply before flattening out into a series of rolling hills. At one time it was a pastoral area (said to be of 100 acres (0.4 km²)) known as Kersal Woods or Kersal Moor. Much of it has now been developed forresidential purposes or as a football ground, and the open land known today as Kersal Moor comprises an area of only 12 acres (0.05 km²).

A profile of the ward conducted bySalford City Council in 2014 recorded a population of 12,929 with 86.8% of people describing themselves as white, 2.3% African, 1.4% Pakistani and 2.7% as other ethnic group.^[20]

The2011 UK Census recorded that the religious mix is mainlyChristian andJewish with 34.3% of the population describing themselves as Christian and 40.96% as Jewish. 3.30% describe themselves asMuslim with none of the other faiths exceeding 0.5%.^[21]

Churches in Kersal include theAnglican St Paul's Church on Moor Lane, built at the instigation of Colonel William Legh Clowes andEleanora Atherton of Kersal Cell "for the benefit of the poor of Rainscow" (Rainsough — a hamlet just across the border in Prestwich) in 1851–1852.^[22]

The only church in Lower Kersal is the Anglican St Aidan's on Littleton Road, a brick-built church opened in 1972 which seats about 120 people.^[23]

There is also theRoman Catholic church Our Lady of Dolours, on Bury New Road served byServite Friars and known locally as "the Servites". The building adjacent to the church at number 500 Bury New Road, now used as the ServitePriory for the church, was originally theGreekConsulate and still has many Greek motifs adorning its internal decor.^{[citation needed]}

The former Catholic Chaplaincy at St Philip's Church on Northallerton Road, Lower Kersal, is now home to the "Just Youth" ministry of theHoly Ghost Fathers.^{[citation needed]}

There are convents of the Roman CatholicSisters of the Cross and Passion on Bury New Road andFaithful Companions of Jesus on Singleton Road, and there was also a closed order ofnuns at aCarmeliteConvent on Vine Street for many years.^{[citation needed]}

Synagogues in Kersal include theSpanish and Portuguese Synagogue (Shaare Tephillah), founded in 1873,^[24] and North Salford Synagogue. Greater Manchester has the largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom outside London^[25] and Kersal, along with Higher Broughton, Prestwich, andWhitefield, is home to most of theOrthodox Jewish community.

There are three schools serving the area, St Philip's Roman Catholic Primary School on Cavendish Road, Lower Kersal Community Primary School on St Aidan's Grove, off Littleton Road and St Paul's Church of England Primary School on Nevile Road which replaced a school of the same name built in the 19th century onKersal Moor and demolished in the 20th century. There was also ahigh school off Moor Lane on Mesnefield Road, Kersal High School, which was replaced in 2003 with the Albion High School, based on Lissadel Street, Charlestown. Kersal High School was demolished in 2006 and its site used for housing.

The mortality rate in Lower Kersal and Charlestown is more than twice the national average and approximately one third of the population has a chronic illness.^[26] Although 52General Practitioners serve the area, only three are located within it and there is just one pharmacy and one part-time dentist.^[26] New Deal for Communities (NDC) was a programme that was part of the Government strategy to regenerate deprived neighbourhoods in England. The two neighbourhoods covered by the Salford NDC were Charlestown and Lower Kersal. A grant of £53m was awarded to the area and a 10-year plan developed. It focused on health, crime, education and employment, young people, building communities and the physical environment. Plans for new health services in Kersal, including two GP practices, a pharmacy, a healthy living project, children and young people's health services and community health services, were implemented with the opening of the Horizon Centre, part of the Willow Tree Healthy Living Centre, at 94 Littleton Road in 2007.^[27]

Salford City Football Club ("The Ammies") is based at the Moor Lane ground in Kersal. The club, founded in 1940, moved into this historic ground in 1978, a location with a sporting legacy which includes horse racing, golf, cricket, rugby union, rugby league, tennis and archery, going back as far as 1681.^{[citation needed]}

Horse racing moved from Kersal Moor to a new racecourse at Castle Irwell, just across theRiver Irwell from Kersal, in 1847. In 1867 it was moved to New Barnes,Weaste but the site had to be vacated in 1901 whenSalford Docks expanded and built its Dock 9. Castle Irwell later staged a Classic – the 1941St Leger Stakes, and was most famous as home of theLancashire Oaks (nowadays run atHaydock Park Racecourse) and theNovember Handicap, which was traditionally the last major race of the British flat season. Both the Castle Irwell and New Barnes sites were named the "Manchester Racecourse" even though they were entirely within the borders of Salford. Through the late 1950s and early 1960s the track saw jockeys such asScobie Breasley andLester Piggott annually battle out the closing acts of the jockey's title until racing ceased on 7 November 1963. The intention was to sell the land, apart from 4.5 acres (18,000 m²), to a property development company. Both the City Council and the Royal Technical College objected and their objections were upheld at aPublic Enquiry two years later.^[28] The main stand at Castle Irwell was designed by local architect Ernst Atherton and was the first stand at any sports venue in the UK to include private boxes, the idea having later been copied byManchester United and then made commonplace throughout the country. The structure still survives as astudents' union building; and in the early 1970s the majority of the site was used to build a student village for theUniversity of Salford, the first student houses opening in October 1972.^[29]

Kersal's long association with sport continues with the building of Salford Sports Village, a major sports facility centred on Littleton Road which opened in March 2006. This facility is a £4.7m flagship project for theCharlestown and Lower Kersal New Deal for Communities Partnership, Salford Community Leisure and ManchesterFootball Association. The football facilities include mini, junior and adult grass pitches, a third generation artificial floodlit pitch, a 60-metre x 40 metre artificial pitch, 18 adult grass pitches and players and officials changing rooms. There is also a community suite with a meeting room/social facility with catering facilities, office accommodation training room and anICT suite.

The Riverbank Park, a neighbourhood park and children's play area, opened next to the Sports Village in 2007.

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Kersal Dale Country Park occupies about 32 hectares of countryside^[30] straddling a large meander of the River Irwell to the east of Kersal. Approximately half of the park isbeech woodland on the side of the Irwell Valley and half is flat land on the flood-plain of the river, which occupies part of the area formerly taken up by the Irwell Castle Racecourse and Kersal Links golf course. The park is designated as a Local Nature Reserve.^[31] The Salford Ranger Team organise environmental walks and talks, educational programmes for schools and other activities. There is also a permanentorienteering course.

Kersal Moor is an eight hectare recreation ground to the north of Kersal designated as a Site of Biological Importance and a Local Nature Reserve which consists of open moorland popular with dog walkers and schools.^[32]

Lower Kersal Activities Centre, Northallerton Road, Lower Kersal runs a variety of community activities for different age groups, including holiday play schemes. Salford College also runs community courses for over 16s at the centre.

Lower Kersal Social Club, Stamford Road, is a sports and social club open to the public. The club consists of two rooms – the vault area with TV's, 4 darts boards, 1 snooker table and 1 pool table.

The Community Groups' Network gives local community groups, residents' groups and volunteers in Charlestown and Lower Kersal the chance to meet and share information.

Lower Kersal Young People's Group is a Greater Manchester youth network.

The Y-Talk Website has been designed with, and for, young people in Charlestown and Kersal. The site is produced and managed by Salford Youth Service.

A soap factory was established in Kersal Vale, by the side of the River Irwell on the border with Prestwich in 1920 byAlexander Tom Cussons. The factory produced the famous brands of Carex, Cussons Imperial Leather and Morning Fresh but was closed down in 2009 and was demolished in 2010.^{[citation needed]}

The Charlestown and Lower Kersal New Deal for Communities has made many improvements to the area including the sports village and improvements to housing and the local environment. There is much work yet to be done, including the demolition of old housing stock to make way for new development. The New Deal Team is working closely with Salford City Council, partner agencies and a network of well-established community groups with their stated aim being to "make sure that the area can become a prosperous and thriving part of Salford." The plans have not been universally welcomed and action groups have been formed to protest at the perceived lack of consultation and the threat to existing homes.^[33]

• Eleanora Atherton, philanthropist
• John Byrom (1692–1763), poet and inventor of a revolutionary system ofshorthand.
• Edward Schunck (1829–1903), organic chemist
• Annie Swynnerton (1844–1933), artist^[34]
• Hewlett Johnson (1874–1966), cleric later known as the Red Dean of Canterbury, born here.
• Ginger Joe, C-MAC and Little Kev of Notable Rap Group 'The Kersal Massive'^[35]

• Listed buildings in Salford, Greater Manchester

• A brief history of Kersal^{[permanent dead link]}
• Salford Sports VillageArchived 19 October 2007 at theWayback Machine
• History of Kersal DaleArchived 5 August 2012 atarchive.today
• Video of Kersal Dale's History
• The Community Groups' Network
• The Lower Kersal Young Peoples Group
• Y-Talk Website
• The Charlestown & Lower Kersal New Deal for CommunitiesArchived 6 December 2007 at theWayback Machine
• Salford New Deal for Communities Delivery Plan 2001–2011
• Website about Kersal and Kersal Flats

• Areas of Salford
• Salford City Council Wards

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