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TheKenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) is an academic certificate awarded to candidates upon completion ofsecondary education inKenya.[1]
The first KCSE exam was held in 1989 at the same time as the last Kenya Advanced Certificate of Education (KACE), which it replaced as the entrance requirement for Kenyan universities.
In 1989, the KCSE included 10 subjects, but was later reviewed in 1992 and changed to 7 subjects under the presidency ofDaniel arap Moi.
| Group one (Compulsory subjects, 1989–2022; as from 2023 Mathematics and one language were compulsory) | Group two (Sciences) | Group three (Humanities) | Group four (Technicals) | Group five (Foreign Languages and Business) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English, Kiswahili, Mathematics | Biology, Physics, Chemistry | History and Government, Geography, Christian Religious Education, Islamic Religious Education and Hindu Religious Education | Home Science, Art and Design, Agriculture, Computer Studies, Aviation, Electricity, Power Mechanics and Woodwork | French, German, Arabic, Music and Business Studies |
For grading, candidates must take all the three compulsory subjects, at least two sciences, one humanity and at least one practical or technical subject (see table above).
The KCSE examinations are taken under very strict supervision by the invigilators to avoid cheating and run for a period of about one month. Cheating in these examinations attracts severe penalties from theKenya National Examination Council, and students caught cheating get their grades cancelled.[2]
The exams usually start in early November and end in late November. During December, the exam is graded and the results are released in late December the same year. However, the dates and even months for the examination may change depending on various factors such as teachers' strikes and natural calamities such as Covid-19 which led to reshuffling of the academic calendar in all learning institutions in the country.
Examination results are announced to the public by the Cabinet Secretary for Education, and the top hundred students and schools are released to the media the day of the results announcement, online portals for checking results is also made available at that moment.[3] School rankings are divided into the top 100 private schools, public schools and provincial schools.
The grading of the examination is as follows:
| Grade | Agrregated points | Points |
|---|---|---|
| A | 80-100 | 12 |
| A- | 75-79 | 11 |
| B+ | 70-74 | 10 |
| B | 65-69 | 9 |
| B- | 60-64 | 8 |
| C+ | 55-59 | 7 |
| C | 50-54 | 6 |
| C- | 45-49 | 5 |
| D+ | 40-44 | 4 |
| D | 35-39 | 3 |
| D- | 30-34 | 2 |
| E | 0-29 | 1 |
In Kenya, this examination is the entrance qualification to public and private universities and the pass mark is grade C+. Students who attain a lower mark than C+ join other tertiary institutions for non-degree courses. Over time, stringent measures have been taken by the government to ensure and sustain the credibility of the KCSE examination. However, there have been instances of breaches of these measures leading to examination vices such as leakage to some selected students who if undetected end up scoring high grades. The ministry usually punish students caught in examination malpractices by cancelling their results, and they are also barred from sitting for another national exams for a period of three years, after which they will be allowed to sit for another K.C.S.E exams. Examination officials who participate in the cheating and leakaging of the exams questions are also charged in a court of law.[4][5]
Each year, hundreds of thousands of students take the examination after four years of the Secondary School Course and this examination is a major determinant of the individual's future career. Since in 2018, a good grade guarantees one a place in one of the public or private universities in the country. Previous candidates didn't enjoy that opportunity.
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During theCOVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and due to the surge in cases, the Cabinet Secretary for Education, ProfessorGeorge Magoha, postponed the certificate examinations to 2021 for 800,000 Form 4 candidates. It was done in March 2021. This was the first time in the history of Kenyan education for the exams to be postponed and the academic calendar cancelled.[6]
| Year | Registered | Total Sat | YoY Growth (%) | Boys | Girls | Gender Ratio | Number of A Plains | University Qualifiers | Release Date | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 182,805 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40,491 | — | |
| 2001 | 196,439 | 194,883 | 6.61% | 103,492 | 91,391 | 53.1:46.9 | — | — | — | |
| 2002 | 198,356 | 197,118 | 1.15% | 105,202 | 91,916 | 53.4:46.6 | — | 42,721 | — | |
| 2003 | 207,730 | 205,832 | 4.42% | 110,480 | 95,352 | 53.7:46.3 | — | 49,870 | — | |
| 2004 | 222,676 | 221,295 | 7.51% | 119,643 | 101,652 | 54.1:45.9 | — | 58,239 | — | |
| 2005 | 260,665 | 259,219 | 17.14% | 140,493 | 118,726 | 54.2:45.8 | — | 68,040 | — | |
| 2006 | 243,453 | 242,433 | -6.48% | 131,232 | 111,201 | 54.1:45.9 | 1,165 | 63,104 | — | |
| 2007 | 276,239 | 273,504 | 12.82% | 148,817 | 124,687 | 54.4:45.6 | 822 | 82,134 | March 2008 | |
| 2008 | 305,015 | 304,813 | 11.45% | 166,664 | 138,149 | 54.7:45.3 | 817 | 72,590 | March 2009 | |
| 2009 | 337,410 | 333,831 | 9.52% | 183,865 | 149,966 | 55.1:44.9 | 973 | 81,048 | March 2, 2010 | |
| 2010 | 357,488 | 354,834 | 6.29% | 193,025 | 161,809 | 54.4:45.6 | 1,566 | 97,191 | Feb 28, 2011 | |
| 2011 | 411,783 | 409,522 | 15.41% | 221,703 | 187,819 | 54.1:45.9 | 1,930 | 119,658 | Feb 29, 2012 | |
| 2012 | 436,349 | 432,443 | 5.60% | 231,102 | 201,341 | 53.4:46.6 | 1,975 | 123,704 | March 1, 2013 | |
| 2013 | 449,246 | 446,696 | 3.30% | 243,604 | 203,092 | 54.5:45.5 | 2,727 | 123,365 | March 3, 2014 | |
| 2014 | 485,547 | 483,630 | 8.27% | 259,746 | 223,884 | 53.7:46.3 | 3,073 | 149,717 | March 3, 2015 | |
| 2015 | — | 525,802 | 8.72% | — | — | — | 2,685 | — | March 3, 2016 | |
| 2016 | — | ~571,000 | ~8.59% | — | — | — | 141 | ~88,929 | Dec 29, 2016 | |
| 2017 | 615,773 | 611,952 | 7.17% | — | — | — | 142 | 70,073 | Dec 20, 2017 | |
| 2018 | 664,585 | 660,204 | 7.88% | 341,089 | 319,115 | 51.7:48.3 | 315 | 90,377 | Dec 21, 2018 | |
| 2019 | 699,745 | 697,222 | 5.61% | 355,782 | 341,440 | 51.0:49.0 | 627 | 125,746 | Dec 18, 2019 | |
| 2020 | 752,602 | 747,161 | 7.16% | 381,114 | 366,047 | 51.0:49.0 | 893 | 143,140 | May 10, 2021 | |
| 2021 | 830,854 | 826,807 | 10.66% | 421,318 | 405,489 | 50.97:49.03 | 1,138 | 145,145 | April 23, 2022 | |
| 2022 | 884,122 | 881,416 | 6.60% | 443,644 | 437,772 | 50.34:49.66 | 1,146 | 173,345 | Jan 20, 2023 | |
| 2023 | 903,138 | 899,453 | 2.05% | 450,554 | 448,899 | 50.10:49.90 | 1,216 | 201,133 | Jan 8, 2024 | |
| 2024 | 965,172 | 962,512 | 7.01% | 480,310 | 482,202 | 49.90:50.10 | 1,693 | 246,391 | Jan 9, 2025 | [7] |
| 2025 | 995,860 | 993,226 | 3.19% | 492,012 | 501,214 | 49.54:50.46 | 1,932 | 270,715 | Jan 9, 2026 | [7] |
How to get your KCSE certificate if school was closed