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Kenneth Milton Stampp | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1912-07-20)July 20, 1912 Milwaukee, Wisconsin U.S. |
| Died | July 10, 2009(2009-07-10) (aged 96) Oakland, California U.S. |
| Known for | Slavery,American Civil War,Reconstruction |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Wisconsin, Madison Milwaukee State Teachers' College |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley University of Maryland, College Park University of Arkansas |
Kenneth Milton Stampp (12 July 1912 – 10 July 2009) was a renowned historian ofslavery, theAmerican Civil War, andReconstruction. He taught at theUniversity of California, Berkeley, from 1946 to 1983, ending his career there as the Alexander F. and May T. Morrison Professor of History Emeritus. He was also a visiting professor atHarvard University andColgate University, Commonwealth Lecturer at theUniversity of London, Fulbright Lecturer at theUniversity of Munich, and held the Harmsworth Chair atOxford University. In 1989 he received theAmerican Historical Association Award for Scholarly Distinction. In 1993, he won the prestigiousLincoln Prize for lifetime achievement given by the Civil War Institute atGettysburg College.
Stampp was born inMilwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1912; his parents were of German Protestant descent. His mother was a Baptist who forbade alcohol and strictly observed the Sabbath; his father was a tough disciplinarian in the old-world German style.[citation needed]
His family suffered through theGreat Depression, "there was never enough money," but Stampp worked a small odd jobs as a teen, managing to save enough to afford tuition. He first attended atMilwaukee State Teachers' College, and then at theUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison. He earned both his B.A. and M.A. there in 1935 and 1936 respectively under the influences ofCharles A. Beard (author ofAn Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States) andWilliam B. Hesseltine (known for coining the phrase about intellectual history: it's "like nailing jelly to the wall"). Hesseltine supervised Stampp's dissertation; Stampp remembered him as a "bastard" during this time, but the two managed to work together successfully through the completion of Stampp's Ph.D. in 1942. He then spent brief stints at theUniversity of Arkansas and theUniversity of Maryland, College Park, 1942–46, before joining the faculty at Berkeley. His teaching tenure ran 37 years; in 2006, Stampp celebratedsix decades of association there.[citation needed]
While a student at Wisconsin, Stampp was a member of theTheta Xi fraternity.[1]
He died at age 96 on July 10, 2009, inOakland, California.[2]
In his first major book,The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (1956), Stampp countered the arguments of historians such asUlrich Phillips, who characterized slavery as an essentially benign and paternalistic institution that promoted Southern racial harmony. Stampp asserted, to the contrary, that African Americans actively resisted slavery, not just through armed uprisings but also through work slowdowns, the breaking of tools, theft from masters, and diverse other means. Through a lengthy scholarly career, Stampp insisted that the moral debate over slavery lay at the crux of the Civil War, rather than other reasons related to the economic or political relationship between the Federal Government and the states.[3][4]The Peculiar Institution is a central text in the study of U.S. slavery.
His next study,The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, also revised a scholarly stronghold – that put forth byWilliam A. Dunning (1857–1922) and his school of followers. In this rendering, the South emerges mercilessly beaten, "prostrate in defeat, before a ruthless, vindictive conqueror, who plundered its land and ... turned its society upside down...."[citation needed] The North's greatest sin, according to Dunning, consisted of relinquishing control of the Southern governments to "ignorant, half-civilized former slaves."[citation needed]
To refute Dunning's interpretation, Stampp presented a trove of secondary sources. He was criticized for not employing more primary material.[citation needed] Stampp's rejoinder was seen by some historians as a pro-Northern rationalization: though he clearly admitted that the North walked out onReconstruction[citation needed] while it was nowhere near completion, he went on to claim that in light of the passage of the14th and15th amendments, Reconstruction was a success; he deemed it "the last great crusade of the nineteenth-century romantic reformers."[5] But for an equal number of other historians, Stampp's appraisal rang as eminently "temperate, judicious and fair-minded."[citation needed]
Much of the information for this article is drawn from three principal sources:
