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Ken Hammond (ice hockey)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canadian ice hockey player
Ice hockey player
Ken Hammond
Born (1963-08-22)August 22, 1963 (age 62)
Height6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
Weight190 lb (86 kg; 13 st 8 lb)
PositionDefence
ShotLeft
Played forLos Angeles Kings
Edmonton Oilers
New York Rangers
Toronto Maple Leafs
Boston Bruins
San Jose Sharks
Vancouver Canucks
Ottawa Senators
NHL draft147th overall,1983
Los Angeles Kings
Playing career1985–1996

Kenneth Paul Hammond (born August 22, 1963) is a Canadian former professionalice hockey player. Hammond was born inPort Credit,Ontario (nowMississauga). He played as adefenceman incollege hockey with theRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteEngineers, winning the1985 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament championship and was named aFirst Team All-American. He was drafted by theLos Angeles Kings of theNational Hockey League (NHL) in the eighth round, 147th overall, in the1983 NHL entry draft. He played with the Kings,Edmonton Oilers,New York Rangers,Toronto Maple Leafs,Boston Bruins,San Jose Sharks, andOttawa Senators in the NHL between 1985 and 1993. He played in both the Sharks and Senators inaugural games. He finished his career in the minor leagues, retiring in 1996.

Youth and college career

[edit]

Hammond played as adefenceman with the London Diamonds in theOntario Hockey Association's Junior B league in the 1980–81 season.[1] He then joined theRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteEngineers of theECAC Hockey conference, anNCAA Division I conference. In hisfreshman season, the 1981–82 season, Hammond appeared in 24 games, scoring two goals and five points.[2] In 1982–83, Hammond improved his offensive production, as he scored four goals and 17 points in 28 games.

In 1983–84, Hammond was named co-captain of RPI alongsideMike Dark.[3] In 34 games, Hammond scored five goals and 16 points.[2] The Engineers won the ECAC Division I championship on March 11, 1984, and participated in the1984 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.[4] However, the Engineers were defeated by theNorth Dakota Fighting Hawks in the quarterfinals.[5] In his final season with RPI, Hammond led the team to their second ECAC Division I championship and the1985 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament championship.[6] Hammond played in 38 games, scoring 11 goals and 39 points,[2] and was named aFirst Team All-American and First TeamAll-NCAA Tournament team selection along with teammateAdam Oates.[6][7] He was also named to the 1985 ECAC First All-Star Team, along with teammates Oates andJohn Carter.[8]

Professional career

[edit]

Los Angeles Kings

[edit]

Hammond was selected by theLos Angeles Kings of theNational Hockey League (NHL) in the eighth round, 147th overall, at the1983 NHL entry draft.[9] He signed with the Kings on April 1, 1985.[10] Hammond made his NHL debut at the end of the1984–85 season with the Kings on April 2 in a 6–4 loss to theEdmonton Oilers.[11][12] On April 5, 1985, Hammond scored his first career NHL goal and point, againstRichard Brodeur of theVancouver Canucks in a 4–3 victory.[13] Overall, Hammond appeared in three games, scoring the one goal.[2] On April 10, Hammond appeared in his first NHL career playoff game, a 3–2 loss to the Edmonton Oilers.[14] He played in three post-season games with Los Angeles, earning no points.[2]

Hammond began the1985–86 season with the Kings, appearing in three games. He made his season debut on October 10, 1985, in a 6–5 loss to the Vancouver Canucks.[15] In his second game on October 13, Hammond earned his first assist on a goal byDave Williams in a 9–2 loss to theCalgary Flames.[16] He was assigned to the Kings' affiliate, theNew Haven Nighthawks of theAmerican Hockey League (AHL), for the remainder of1985–86 season on October 28.[17] In 67 games with the Nighthawks, Hammond scored four goals and 16 points, and accumulated 96 penalty minutes,[2] helping the club reach the playoffs. In four playoff games, Hammond was held off the score sheet. In1986–87, Hammond was once again assigned to New Haven[18] and spent a majority of the season with the Nighthawks and in 66 games, he scored a goal and 16 points.[2] Hammond was recalled by the Kings in February 1987[19] and made his NHL season debut on February 18 in a 7–4 victory over theWashington Capitals.[20] He registered his first point of the season with an assist onJimmy Carson's third period goal in an 8–3 victory over theWinnipeg Jets on February 24.[21] In total he played in ten games, scoring two points.[2] After the return of defencemanDean Kennedy to the Kings' lineup on March 8, Hammond was returned to New Haven the next day.[22] Hammond added one assist in six playoff games with New Haven.

Hammond began the1987–88 season with New Haven. In 26 games, he scored three goals and 11 points.[2] He was recalled by Los Angeles on November 17.[23] and made his NHL season debut that night in a 4–3 loss to theNew York Islanders.[24] Hammond registered his first point of the season on November 25 with an assist onLuc Robitaille's goal in the first period in a 6–4 victory over theChicago Blackhawks.[25] He was returned to New Haven before getting a second recall on December 21.[26] On December 30, 1987, Hammond recorded his first multi-point NHL game, scoring a goal (his first of the season) and an assist in a 6–4 win over the Winnipeg Jets.[26][27] On February 6, 1988, Hammond had his first career multi-goal game, scoring two goals on goaltenderGrant Fuhr, his replacementWarren Skorodenski, and the Edmonton Oilers in a 7–2 win. Fuhr was pulled from the game for Skorodenski against the Kings, the first time in Fuhr's career as he had an excellent record against Los Angeles.[28] In total, Hammond played in 46 games with Los Angeles, scoring seven goals and 16 points while getting 69 penalty minutes. In the playoffs, Hammond played in two games, earning no points and a -5 rating.[2] Hammond, along with goaltenderGlenn Healy, were co-winners of the Kings' Rookie of the Year Award.[29] In the offseason, he was re-signed by the Kings[30] and was among those discussed as part of the Kings' package in thetrade for Wayne Gretzky.[31] Unable to stick with the Kings out of training camp due to the intense competition of ten players for the defence,[32] on October 3, 1988, Hammond was left unprotected in thewaiver draft and was claimed by the Edmonton Oilers.[33]

Edmonton, New York, Toronto

[edit]

Hammond began the1988–89 season with the Edmonton Oilers, appearing in his first game with the team on October 9, 1988, earning no points in a 5–4 win over the Winnipeg Jets.[34] On October 12, Hammond earned his first point as an Oiler, an assist on a goal scored byJari Kurri in a 6–2 loss to the Vancouver Canucks.[35] Overall, Hammond appeared in five games with Edmonton, earning the one assist.[2]

On November 1, Hammond was placed on waivers by the Oilers to make room forCraig Redmond who himself had been placed on waivers by theNew York Rangers and had been claimed by Edmonton. Redmond had requested to be sent back to Edmonton and Rangers general managerPhil Esposito acquiesced. In return, Esposito claimed Hammond.[36] Hammond debuted with the Rangers on November 2, replacing the injuredRon Greschner,[37] and was held pointless in a 6–4 loss to theBuffalo Sabres.[38] After three games, in which Hammond did not earn a point,[2] he was sent to the RangersInternational Hockey League (IHL) affiliate, theDenver Rangers once Greschner returned from injury on November 15.[39] In 38 games with Denver, Hammond scored five goals and 23 points.[2]

On February 19, 1989, the Rangers traded Hammond to theToronto Maple Leafs in exchange forChris McRae.[40] Hammond made his debut with the Maple Leafs on February 20 against the Kings in a 5–4 loss.[41] Hammond earned his first point, an assist on the game-winning goal scored byVincent Damphousse in a 4–2 win over theMinnesota North Stars on February 25.[42] In total, Hammond played in 14 games with Toronto in the 1988–89 season, earning two assists.[2] In1989–90, the Leafs assigned Hammond to their AHL affiliate, theNewmarket Saints.[12] In 75 games with Newmarket, Hammond scored nine goals and 54 points while earning 106 penalty minutes.[2] In the offseason, Hammond negotiated a contract with theBoston Bruins' general managerHarry Sinden.[43] On August 20, 1990, the Maple Leafs traded Hammond's rights to the Bruins for cash[44] as he already had an agreement in place with Boston.[45]

Boston, San Jose, Vancouver, Ottawa

[edit]

Hammond was assigned by the Bruins to their AHL affiliate, theMaine Mariners, for the1990–91 season.[46] In 80 games with Maine, Hammond scored 10 goals and 51 points, and accumulated 159 penalty minutes.[2] In two playoff games with the Mariners, Hammond had no points and 16 penalty minutes. Hammond also appeared in one game with the Bruins during the1990–91 season. On March 31, 1991, Hammond made his only regular season appearance with Boston, scoring a goal againstKay Whitmore of theHartford Whalers in a 7–3 win.[47] Hammond then appeared in eight playoff games for Boston, earning no points.[2] Following the season, Hammond became anunrestricted free agent.

On August 9, 1991, Hammond signed with the expansionSan Jose Sharks for the1991–92 season.[48] Hammond played in the Sharks' inaugural game on October 4, 1991, in which he was held pointless in a 4–3 loss to the Vancouver Canucks.[49] On October 10, Hammond scored his first goal for the Sharks on aslapshot that beatStéphane Beauregard in a 5–4 loss to the Winnipeg Jets.[50] On November 8, Hammond earned two assists in a 6–2 victory over the Edmonton Oilers.[51] He suffered agroin injury in January and returned February 4 after missing five games.[52] In a game against the Vancouver Canucks on February 21, Hammond broke a knuckle in a fight withGeoff Courtnall, and was sidelined for three to four weeks.[53] With the Sharks, Hammond played in 46 games, scoring five goals and 15 points, and earned 86 penalty minutes.[2]

On March 9, 1992, the NHL's trade deadline day, Hammond was traded to the Vancouver Canucks for an eighth round draft pick in the1992 NHL entry draft.[54] Hammond made his Canucks debut in the1992 Stanley Cup playoffs on May 10, 1992, after three Vancouver defencemen were declared out with injury. He earned no points and four penalty minutes in a 4–3 win over the Edmonton Oilers.[55] In two playoff games for the Canucks, Hammond had no points and six penalty minutes.[2]

Hammond was left unprotected by the Canucks in the1992 NHL expansion draft. On June 18, 1992, Hammond was selected by theOttawa Senators.[56] For the second time in two seasons, Hammond was on an expansion team, as he joined the Senators for the1992–93 season.[57] Hammond debuted with Ottawa during their inaugural game on October 8, 1992, and scored his first goal for the Senators that night againstPatrick Roy of theMontreal Canadiens in a 5–3 win.[58] In 62 games with Ottawa, Hammond scored four goals and eight points, getting 104 penalty minutes.[2] In January 1993 Hammond was assigned to the Senators AHL affiliate, theNew Haven Senators.[59] He played in four games, earning an assist.[2]

Later career

[edit]

Hammond took part in Ottawa's 1993 training camp,[60] but failed to make the team and was assigned to their new AHL affiliate, thePrince Edward Island Senators, in late September.[61] The Senators bought Hammond out of his contract after he was assigned to the AHL.[62] Hammond signed with theProvidence Bruins of the AHL for the1993–94 season.[62] In 65 games, he scored 12 goals and 57 points.[2] At the end of the season, he was named Providence's most valuable player.[63]

Hammond signed with theKansas City Blades of the IHL for the1994–95 season.[63] In 76 games, Hammond scored three goals and 27 points,[2] helping the club to the post-season. In 21 playoff games, Hammond had a goal and five points, as Kansas City lost in the final round of theTurner Cup playoffs.[64] Hammond returned to the Blades for the1995–96 season.[65] In 33 games, he scored a goal and eight points.[2] Hammond announced his retirement on January 3, 1996.[66]

Personal life

[edit]

Hammond completed his degree incivil engineering and later returned to achieve aMaster of Business Administration postgraduate degree in finance and accounting, taking a position withErnst & Young after his retirement from hockey.[12]

Career statistics

[edit]

Regular season and playoffs

[edit]
Regular seasonPlayoffs
SeasonTeamLeagueGPGAPtsPIMGPGAPtsPIM
1980–81London DiamondsWOHL3912344665
1981–82RPINCAA2923554
1982–83RPINCAA284131754
1983–84RPINCAA345111672
1984–85RPINCAA3811283990
1984–85Los Angeles KingsNHL3101030004
1985–86New Haven NighthawksAHL67412169640007
1985–86Los Angeles KingsNHL30112
1986–87New Haven NighthawksAHL661151676601121
1986–87Los Angeles KingsNHL1002211
1987–88New Haven NighthawksAHL26381127
1987–88Los Angeles KingsNHL4679166920004
1988–89Edmonton OilersNHL50118
1988–89New York RangersNHL30000
1988–89Denver RangersIHL385182324
1988–89Toronto Maple LeafsNHL1402212
1989–90Newmarket SaintsAHL7594554106
1990–91Maine MarinersAHL80104151159201116
1990–91Boston BruinsNHL11012800010
1991–92San Jose SharksNHL465101582
1991–92Vancouver CanucksNHL20006
1992–93New Haven SenatorsAHL40114
1992–93Ottawa SenatorsNHL62448102
1993–94Providence BruinsAHL65124557100
1994–95Kansas City BladesIHL76324271512114545
1995–96Kansas City BladesIHL3317862
AHL totals383391672065681202244
IHL totals147949582372114545
NHL totals1931829472901500024

Awards and honors

[edit]
AwardYear
All-ECAC HockeyFirst Team1984–85[67]
AHCAEast First-Team All-American1984–85[68]
All-NCAAAll-Tournament Team1985[69]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Learmonth, Hugh (March 28, 1981)."Falcons lose 6–4, series tied at 3–3".The St. Catharines Standard. p. 21. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx"Ken Hammond".Hockey-reference.com. RetrievedJune 27, 2024.
  3. ^"Empire Cup Hockey Tourney Set for Glen Falls CC, Nov. 25–26".Bennington Banner. November 7, 1983. p. 11. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^"RPI Wins ECAC Title".The Ithaca Journal. March 12, 1984. p. 13. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^"Sioux Gain Berth in NCAA Puck Semis".The Albert Lea Tribune. Associated Press. March 18, 1994. p. 9. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^abMonahan, Bob (March 31, 1985)."RPI Knocks Off Providence for NCAA Hockey Title".The Boston Globe. pp. 39, 53. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^Kowalski, Will (March 28, 1985)."3 Spartan icers named All-Americans".Lansing State Journal. pp. 1C, 8C. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^Van Sickle, Kenny (March 15, 1985)."IHS' Stone Looks Toward Next Season".The Ithaca Journal. p. 16. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^Wigge, Larry, ed. (1988).Hockey Register (1988–89 ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: The Sporting News. p. 127.ISBN 0-89204-291-5.
  10. ^"Transactions".Los Angeles Times. April 2, 1985. RetrievedJune 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^"Edmonton Oilers 6 – 4 Los Angeles Kings". National Hockey League. April 2, 1985. RetrievedJune 27, 2024.
  12. ^abcGlew, Kevin (November 21, 2010)."Backchecking: Ken Hammond's whirlwind career".The Hockey News. RetrievedJune 27, 2024.
  13. ^"Los Angeles Kings 4 – 3 Vancouver Canucks". National Hockey League. April 5, 1985. RetrievedJune 27, 2024.
  14. ^"Los Angeles Kings 2 – 3 Edmonton Oilers". National Hockey League. April 10, 1985. RetrievedJune 27, 2024.
  15. ^"Vancouver Canucks 6 – 5 Los Angeles Kings". National Hockey League. October 10, 1985. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  16. ^"Calgary Flames 9 – 2 Los Angeles Kings". National Hockey League. October 13, 1985. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  17. ^"Transactions".The Boston Globe. October 29, 1985. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^"Kings Send Down Four Players; Surgery for Sykes".Los Angeles Times. October 1, 1986. p. 42. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^"Kings recall Ken Hammond".Thousand Oaks Star. Associated Press. February 18, 1987. p. 15. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^"Los Angeles Kings 7 – 4 Washington Capitals". National Hockey League. February 18, 1987. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  21. ^"Winnipeg Jets 3 – 8 Los Angeles Kings". National Hockey League. February 24, 1987. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  22. ^"Injury Report".Times-Colonist. March 14, 1987. p. D4. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  23. ^"Transactions".The San Bernardino County Sun. November 18, 1987. p. 24. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^"Los Angeles Kings 3 – 4 New York Islanders". National Hockey League. November 17, 1987. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  25. ^"Chicago Blackhawks 4 – 6 Los Angeles Kings". National Hockey League. November 25, 1987. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  26. ^abCart, Julie (December 31, 1987)."Kings Celebrate Forum Anniversary with Win".The Los Angeles Times. p. 36. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^"Winnipeg Jets 4 – 6 Los Angeles Kings". National Hockey League. December 30, 1987. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  28. ^Crowe, Jerry (February 7, 1988)."Kings Force the Oilers, Fuhr to Take Back Seat".Los Angeles Times. pp. 53, 61. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^Crowe, Jerry (March 31, 1988)."Kings Spring Nice Little 9–7 Surprise on Calgary".Los Angeles Times. p. 45. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^"NBA Institutes Its New Policy on Free Agents".Los Angeles Times. July 2, 1988. p. 53. RetrievedOctober 2, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ^Wiles, Ed (August 10, 1988)."Deal wasn't so sudden".Regina Leader-Post. RetrievedOctober 2, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^Edes, Gordon (September 12, 1988)."With Gretzky Comes the Pressure".Los Angeles Times. p. 16. RetrievedOctober 2, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^Matheson, Jim (October 4, 1988)."Centre jumps from despair to Oilers".Edmonton Journal. p. 44. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^"Winnipeg Jets 4 – 5 Edmonton Oilers". National Hockey League. October 9, 1988. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  35. ^"Edmonton Oilers 2 – 6 Vancouver Canucks". National Hockey League. October 12, 1988. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  36. ^Dellapina, John (November 2, 1988)."Rangers tell their side of the Lemieux story".The Record. p. 23. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^Brown, Frank (November 2, 1988)."Scouting Report: Rangers vs Sabres".New York Daily News. p. 332. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^"New York Rangers 4 – 6 Buffalo Sabres". National Hockey League. November 2, 1988. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  39. ^"Injury List".Star-Phoenix. November 19, 1988. p. 49. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ^"Transactions".Red Deer Advocate. February 20, 1989. p. 8. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^"Los Angeles Kings 5 – 4 Toronto Maple Leafs". National Hockey League. February 20, 1989. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  42. ^"Toronto Maple Leafs 4 – 2 Minnesota North Stars". National Hockey League. February 25, 1989. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
  43. ^Marrapese, Nancy L. (August 8, 1990)."Hammond deal on the doorstep".The Boston Globe. p. 78. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ^Podnieks 2001, p. 182.
  45. ^Marrapese, Nancy L. (August 21, 1989)."Sinden, Bourque's agent still plugging away".The Boston Globe. p. 62. RetrievedJune 28, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  46. ^"Bruins unaffected by waiver draft".Evening Express. October 2, 1990. p. 18. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^"Hartford Whalers 3 – 7 Boston Bruins". National Hockey League. March 31, 1991. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024.
  48. ^"Names in the News".The Californian. August 10, 1991. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ^"San Jose Sharks 3 – 4 Vancouver Canucks". National Hockey League. October 4, 1991. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024.
  50. ^"Jets overcome Sharks' lead".Santa Cruz Sentinel. Associated Press. October 11, 1991. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ^"Edmonton Oilers 2 – 6 San Jose Sharks". National Hockey League. November 8, 1991. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024.
  52. ^"Roster Report".Edmonton Journal. February 9, 1992. p. 9. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^"Canucks still have something to prove".San Francisco Examiner. February 22, 1992. p. B5. RetrievedOctober 2, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ^Pap, Elliot (March 11, 1992)."Nothing broken, Quinn decides not to fix Canucks at trade deadline".The Vancouver Sun. p. 48. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^MacIntyre, Iain (May 11, 1992)."Canucks survive Oilers onslaught".The Vancouver Sun. p. 15. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^MacGregor 1993, p. 297.
  57. ^MacGregor 1993, p. 220.
  58. ^"Senators pull off opening shocker".The Toronto Star. The Canadian Press. October 9, 1992. p. 17. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ^"NHL Roster Report".The Ottawa Citizen. January 23, 1993. p. 19. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ^Mayoh, Rick (September 21, 1993)."Whalers top tough Senators team".The Ottawa Citizen. p. 41. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ^"Transactions".News-Press. September 24, 1993. p. 30. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ^abBaker, Dick (November 21, 1993)."Boston bolsters Providence with veterans".The Republican. p. 42. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ^ab"Veteran brings experience to KC".The Kansas City Star. July 9, 1994. p. 46. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ^"Grizzlies capture Turner Cup with four-game sweep of KC".The Kansas City Star. June 3, 1995. pp. 39, 42. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^"McLean returns to Blades".The Olathe Daily News. June 21, 1995. p. 15. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. ^"Transactions".Hartford Courant. January 4, 1996. p. 137. RetrievedJuly 2, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ^"ECAC All-Teams". College Hockey Historical Archives. RetrievedMay 19, 2013.
  68. ^"Men's Ice Hockey Award Winners"(PDF). NCAA.org. RetrievedJune 11, 2013.
  69. ^"NCAA Frozen Four Records"(PDF). NCAA.org. Retrieved2013-06-19.

References

[edit]
  • MacGregor, Roy (1993).Road Games: A Year in the Life of the NHL. Toronto: MacFarlane Walter & Ross.ISBN 0-921912-70-6.
  • Podnieks, Andrew (2001).The essential blue & white book: a Toronto Maple Leafs factbook. Vancouver: Greystone Books.ISBN 1-55054-882-4.

External links

[edit]
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