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Kelvin (microarchitecture)

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GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia

Nvidia Kelvin
API support
Release date	2001-2003 2001
Architecture	Kelvin
Fabrication process	150 nm
Direct3D	8.0
OpenGL	1.2 (1.5)
History
Predecessor	Celsius
Successor	Rankine
Support status
Unsupported

Photo of Lord Kelvin, eponym of architecture

Kelvin is the codename for a GPUmicroarchitecture developed byNvidia, and released in 2001, as the successor to theCelsius^[1] microarchitecture. It was named with reference toWilliam Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin and used with theGeForce 3 and4 series.

Graphics features

DirectX 8.0 (8.1 in theoriginal Xbox)
OpenGL 1.2 (1.5;^[2]^[3] 1.4 in theoriginal Xbox)
Shader Model 1.3
Vertex Shader 1.1
Max VRAM size bumped to 128MB
New memory controller with Z compression^[2]

Chips

GeForce 3 (3xxx) series

NV20, 57 million transistor

GeForce 4 (4xxx) series

Crush11, 20 million transistor^[4]
NV17, 29 million transistor^[5]
NV18, 29 million transistor
NV2A (Xbox GPU), 57 million transistor^[6]
NV25, 63 million transistor
NV28, 36 million transistor^[7]
NV2A (Xbox GPU), 57 million transistor^[6]

GPU list

GeForce 3 (3xxx) series

Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config¹	Fillrate				Memory
Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config¹	MOperations/s	MPixels/s	MTexels/s	MVertices/s	Size (MB)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)
GeForce3 Ti200	1 October 2001	NV20	TSMC 150 nm	AGP 4× PCI	175	200	4:1:8:4	700	700	1400	42.75	64 128	6.4	DDR	128
GeForce3	27 February 2001				200	230		800	800	1600	50	64	7.36
GeForce3 Ti500	1 October 2001				240	250		960	960	1920	60	64 128	8

GeForce 4 (4xxx) series

Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config¹	Fillrate				Memory				SupportedAPI version
Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config¹	MOperations/s	MPixels/s	MTexels/s	MVertices/s	Size (MB)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)	Direct3D	OpenGL
GeForce4 MX IGP + nForce2	1 October 2002	NV1F	TSMC 150 nm	FSB	250	133 200^{[citation needed]}	2:0:4:2	500	500	1000	0	Up to 128 system RAM	2.128 6.4^{[citation needed]}	DDR	64 128	7.0	1.2
GeForce4 MX420	6 February 2002	NV17		AGP 4× PCI		166						64	2.656	SDR DDR	128 (SDR) 64 (DDR)
GeForce4 MX440 SE	2002	NV17		AGP 4× PCI								64 128	5.312	DDR	128
GeForce MX4000	14 December 2003	NV18B		AGP 8× PCI								64 128	2.656		64
GeForce PCX4300	19 February 2004	NV18B		PCIe ×16								128	2.656		64
GeForce4 MX440	6 February 2002	NV17		AGP 4× PCI	275	200		550	550	1100		64 128	6.4		128
GeForce4 MX440 8x	25 September 2002	NV18		AGP 8× PCI	275	250		550	550	1100			8
GeForce4 MX460	6 February 2002	NV17		AGP 4× PCI	300	275		600	600	1200			8
GeForce4 Ti4200	16 April 2002	NV25		AGP 4×	250	222 (128 MB) 250 (64 MB)	4:2:8:4	1000	1000	2000	125		7.104 (128 MB) 8 (64 MB)			8.0a	1.3
GeForce4 Ti4200 8x	25 September 2002	NV28		AGP 8×	250	250		1000	1000	2000	125	128	8
GeForce4 Ti4400	6 February 2002	NV25		AGP 4×	275	275		1100	1100	2200	137.5		8.8
GeForce4 Ti4400 8x (Ti4800SE²)	20 January 2003	NV28		AGP 8×	275	275		1100	1100	2200	137.5		8.8
GeForce4 Ti4600	6 February 2002	NV25		AGP 4×	300	325		1200	1200	2400	150		10.4
GeForce4 Ti4600 8x (Ti4800³)	20 January 2003	NV28		AGP 8×	300	325		1200	1200	2400	150		10.4
Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config¹	Fillrate				Memory				SupportedAPI version
Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config¹	MOperations/s	MPixels/s	MTexels/s	MVertices/s	Size (MB)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)	Direct3D	OpenGL

Model	Features
Model	nFiniteFX II Engine	Video Processing Engine (VPE)
GeForce4 MX420	No	Yes
GeForce4 MX440 SE	No	Yes
GeForce4 MX4000	No	Yes
GeForce4 PCX4300	No	Yes
GeForce4 MX440	No	Yes
GeForce4 MX440 8X	No	Yes
GeForce4 MX460	No	Yes
GeForce4 Ti4200	Yes	No
GeForce4 Ti4200 8x	Yes	No
GeForce4 Ti4400	Yes	No
GeForce4 Ti4400 8x	Yes	No
GeForce4 Ti4600	Yes	No
GeForce4 Ti4600 8x	Yes	No

Console GPUs

Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config^1,2,3	Fillrate				Memory				Latest supportedAPI version
Model	Launch	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Core config^1,2,3	MOperations/s	MTexels/s	MPixels/s	MTri/s	Size (MB)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)	Direct3D	OpenGL
XGPU (Xbox) ^[8]^[9]	November 15, 2001	NV2A	TSMC 150 nm	Integrated	233	200	4:2:8:4¹	5,800	1,864	932	116.5	64	6.4	DDR	128	8.1	1.4

See also

References

^"CodeNames".nouveau.freedesktop.org. Retrieved15 February 2021.
^^a ^b"GPU chips — envytools git documentation".envytools.readthedocs.io. Retrieved15 February 2021.
^"TechPowerUp".TechPowerUp. Retrieved15 February 2021.
^"NVIDIA GeForce2 MX + nForce 220 Specs".TechPowerUp. Retrieved15 February 2021.
^"NVIDIA NV17 GPU Specs".TechPowerUp. Retrieved15 February 2021.
^^a ^b"NVIDIA Xbox GPU Specs".TechPowerUp. Retrieved15 February 2021.
^"NVIDIA GeForce4 Ti 4800 Specs".TechPowerUp. Retrieved15 February 2021.
^"Anandtech Microsoft's Xbox". Anandtech.com. Archived fromthe original on 4 November 2010. Retrieved11 November 2010.
^Smith, Tony (14 February 2001)."TSMC starts fabbing Nvidia Xbox chips".The Register. Retrieved20 November 2019.

v
t
e

GeForce(List of GPUs)

Fixed pixel pipeline

Pre-GeForce	NV1 NV2 RIVA 128 RIVA TNT TNT2

Vertex andpixel shaders

Unified shaders

Unified shaders &NUMA

Ray tracing &Tensor Cores

Software and technologies

Multimedia acceleration	NVENC (video encoding) NVDEC (video decoding) PureVideo (video decoding)
Software	Cg (shading language) CUDA Nvidia GameWorks OptiX (ray tracing API) PhysX (physics SDK) Nvidia Omniverse (3D graphics) Nvidia RTX (ray tracing platform) Nvidia System Tools VDPAU (video decode API)
Technologies	Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket) SXM (module/socket) NVLink (protocol) Scalable Link Interface (multi-GPU) TurboCache (framebuffer in system memory) Video Super Resolution (live video upscaling)
GPU microarchitectures	Celsius Kelvin Rankine Curie Tesla Fermi Kepler Maxwell Pascal Volta Turing Ampere Hopper Ada Lovelace Blackwell Rubin Feynman

Other products

GraphicsWorkstation cards	Nvidia Quadro Quadro Plex
GPGPU software	Nvidia Tesla DGX
Console components	NV2A(Xbox) RSX 'Reality Synthesizer'(PlayStation 3) Tegra NX-SoC(Nintendo Switch)
Nvidia Shield	Shield Portable Shield Tablet Shield Android TV GeForce Now
SoCs and embedded	GoForce Drive Jetson Tegra
CPUs	Project Denver
Computerchipsets	nForce

Company

Key people	Jen-Hsun Huang Chris Malachowsky Curtis Priem David Kirk Bill Dally Colette Kress Debora Shoquist Ranga Jayaraman Jonah M. Alben
Acquisitions	3dfx Interactive Ageia ULi Bright Computing Cumulus Networks DeepMap Icera Mellanox Technologies Mental Images PortalPlayer Exluna MediaQ Stexar

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