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The oldest traces of human settlement in Keila trace back 2000 to 3000 years BC. Around 1000 years ago the village of Keila was established along the Keila river. In 1219 the Danish conquered Northern-Estonia and chose Keila as the site on which the Vomentakæparochial Revalacounty church was to be built. The first church was a small wooden structure dedicated primarily to St. Michael which was replaced with a stone church at the end of the 13th century.[3] Subsequently, the first written mention of Keila (Keikŋl) comes from Danish evaluation book writings in 1241.[3]
In the 15th–16th century, a settlement comprising some tens of buildings and a hundred people formed around the church.[3] At the same time theLivonian Order built a small fort south-east of the church onjõesaare (Known today asJõepark). Ruins of the fort were first excavated in 1976 with continued finds up to 2007.[3]During theLivonian War of 1558–1583 the settlement, including the church (Later restored in 1596), was destroyed.[3][4] Further hampered by the plague and starvation in 1601–1602 the population decline reduced the community to a small church village. This was to be the case for three centuries.
Former Luther monument demolished in 1949
An upturn began in the second half of the 20th century. One of the first notable cultural events was the erection of a statue ofMartin Luther in 1862 near thekirikumõis (Church manor). However the statue was completely destroyed in 1949. In 1885 the first song festival was held in Keila. The festival was composed of 19 choirs and supervised byKonstantin Türnpu fromKlooga. In 1867 the first school was opened inVäljaotsa farm celebrating the start of education in Keila.[3] The development of Keila took a turn with the establishment of theTallinn–Paldiski railway line in 1870.[3] After the railway to Keila was built, the place became known—as apun—asKegelbahn (German for 'bowling alley').
During Soviet times a military base, known asTankipolk 'Tank Regiment', was built on the outskirts of the town for the housing of soldiers and tanks. The base was demolished a few years after the Soviet army left the country. Years later a residential district was built on the site of the base. The woodland areas around it have also been cleaned up and turned into paved, and partially lit, paths. During winter the area acts as a skiing track with many hills and paths. The paths range from 3 to 7 kilometres (1.9 to 4.3 miles) in length. The largest of the hills is known asTankimägi 'Tank Hill'. As of 2009[update], no more than a few building foundations remain of the base.
The city is situated largely on a big hill known as Keila hill and on the valley ofKeila River. On the westernmost side of Keila there isNiitvälja Bog.
454 million year oldlimestone, which can be seenoutcropping in the city, is known as Keilastage. This name was given byCarl Friedrich Schmidt to distinguish layer of limestone, that is located between Jõhvi and Vasalemma stage.
TheHarju County Museum is located in Keila and opened in 1988. The museum documents the life ofHarju County throughout history and is located in the historic Keila manor house (German:Gutshaus Kegel).[15]
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