| Hadhrami Kathiri Dynasty in Seiyun ٱلدَّوْلَة ٱلْكَثِيْرِيَّة ٱلْحَضْرَمِيَّة فِي سَيْؤُوْن ٱلْكَثِيْرِي al-Kathīrī | |||||||||||||
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| State of theAden Protectorate and theProtectorate of South Arabia | |||||||||||||
| 1395–1967 | |||||||||||||
 Flag ![Coat of Arms[1] of Kathiri](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aEmblem_of_the_Kathiri_State.png) Coat of Arms[1] | |||||||||||||
 Map of the Protectorate of South Arabia 1965 | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Say'un | ||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
| • Coordinates | 17°10′N50°15′E / 17.167°N 50.250°E /17.167; 50.250 | ||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||
• 1952 | 60,000[2] | ||||||||||||
| • Type | Sultanate | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages toCold War | ||||||||||||
• Established | 1395 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 30 November 1967 | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||||||
| EB | |||||||||||||
| Part ofa series on the |
| History of Yemen |
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 Yemen portal |
Kathiri (Arabic:ٱلْكَثِيْرِي,romanized: al-Kathīrī), officially theHadhrami Kathiri Dynasty in Seiyun or theSultanate of Seiyun (Arabic:ٱلسَّلْطَنَة ٱلْكَثِيْرِيَّة - سَيْؤُوْن,romanized: al-Salṭanah al-Kathīrīyah - Sayʾūn), was asultanate in theHadhramaut region of the southernArabian Peninsula, in what is now part ofYemen and theDhofari region ofOman.
The Kathiri state was established in 1395 by Badr as-Sahab ibn al-Habrali Bu Tuwairik, who ruled untilc. 1430.[3] The Kathiri conqueredAsh-Shihr in the 1460s.[4]
The country inhabited by this tribe was formerly extensive, reaching from the Aulaqi districts on the west to the Maliri tribe on the east, and including the seaports ofMukalla and Shihr. Civil wars led to the interference of theYafai, and much of the Kathiri territory came under the sway of the Kasadi and Qu'aiti.[5] The Kathiris were eventually restricted to a small inland portion of Hadhramaut with their capital at Seiyun (Say'un).[6]
At the end of 1883, Sultan Abdulla bin Salih, one of the Kathiri Shaikhs, visited the Resident at Aden. His principal object was to ascertain what attitude the British Government would maintain in the event of the Kathiri attacking the Qu'aiti with a view to repossessing themselves of the ports of Shihr and Mukalla. Abdulla bin Salih also visited Zanzibar with intent to intrigue with the ex-Naqib of Mukalla, from whom however, he failed to obtain any material assistance.[5]
The Government of India in March 1884 directed that the Kathiri be warned that an attack upon Shihr and Mukalla would be viewed with grave displeasure, and that, if necessary, a gun-boat would be sent to support the Qu'aiti ruler. The Jamadar of Shihr and Mukalla was subsequently assured in the most public manner that the Government would support him in the event of any attack on his ports.[5]
In 1895, the Kathiri captured the port at Dhufar, driving out the Governor, who retired to Mirbat. In 1897 the port was recaptured.[5] In 1918, a long standing Qu'aiti-Kathiri quarrel was settled, with the assistance of the Aden Residency, by the conclusion of an agreement between the parties, by which the Kathiri agreed to accept as binding upon them the treaty of 1888 between the Qu'aiti and the British Government and also accepted the arbitration of the British Government in the settlement of future disputes.[5]
Sultan Mansur bin Ghalib died at Mecca in May 1929 and was succeeded by his son Ali bin Mansur.[5]
The Kathiri State declined to join theFederation of South Arabia, but remained under British protection as part of theProtectorate of South Arabia. By the end of the Sultanate's existence, its two principal cities of Say'un andTarim were almost entirely financially dependent on Kathiri holdings in Jakarta and Singapore. Al-Husayn ibn Ali, Kathiri sultan since 1949, was overthrown in October 1967, and the following month the former sultanate became part of newly independent South Yemen.[7]
The firstprime minister in the history ofEast Timor,Mar'ī al-Kathīrī, is a third generation descendant of immigrants from Kathiri, part of a significant migration ofHadhramis to Southeast Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries. This is reflected in his name 'Alkatiri'. The Indonesian human rights activistMunir Said Thalib is also a descendant of immigrants from the Kathiris.[citation needed]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
