In March 2019, Tokayev becameacting president following the resignation ofNursultan Nazarbayev.[2] In June that year, he won the first round of asnap presidential election as the candidate of the rulingNur Otan party.[3] Initially aligned with Nazarbayev, Tokayev gradually consolidated power by removing key figures associated with the former president.[4] His presidency has included various economic initiatives and a shift toward political reforms.[5] In January 2022, large-scale protests over fuel prices escalated intoviolent unrest, prompting Tokayev to declare astate of emergency and request peacekeeping assistance from theCSTO.[6] The subsequent crackdown resulted in casualties and mass arrests.[7] Following the crisis, he distanced himself fromNazarbayev, removed key figures associated with the former leader, and implemented constitutional changes, including reducing presidential terms.[8] In2022, Tokayev was re-elected in a snap presidential election, winning 81% of the vote in first round.[9] He ran as anindependent candidate with the support ofPeople's Coalition after leaving theAmanat (formerly Nur Otan) party, positioning himself as a reformist. His administration has focused on political restructuring, economic modernization, and maintaining a multi-vector foreign policy, balancing relations withRussia,China, and theWest.[10]
Despite advocating political modernization, Tokayev's government has faced criticism for restricting opposition parties, limiting press freedoms, and suppressing protests.[11] In 2022, leaked financial records revealed that his family held offshore assets since at least 1998.[12][13]
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (Kazakh pronunciationⓘ) was born into a prominentKazakh family in the city of Alma-Ata (now Almaty). His father, Kemel Tokayev (1923–1986), aWorld War II veteran and renowned writer, is considered the founder of Kazakh detective fiction. His mother, Turar Shabarbayeva (1931–2000), worked at the Alma-Ata Institute of Foreign Languages. He was named after his uncle, Kassym Tokayev, aRed Army soldier who was killed during theBattle of Rzhev. In reflecting on the impact of the war on his father, Tokayev shared that his father "did not like to talk about the war," only revealing his thoughts when discussing "his first encounter with the enemy, the courage of the average soldier, and his burning desire to return home." Kemel Tokayev later received a medal for his contributions to the development of theVirgin Lands campaign after the war.[14]
In 1979, Tokayev returned to the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1983, he attended training courses at theBeijing Language Institute in China. From 1984 to 1991, he served in various diplomatic roles at the Soviet embassy inBeijing, includingSecond Secretary, First Secretary, and Counsellor. In 1991, he enrolled at the Soviet Diplomatic Academy inMoscow to further his diplomatic training.[17]
In March 1992, Tokayev was appointed a deputy foreign minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From there, he briefly took stance againstnuclear disarmament in the former Soviet republics ofBelarus and Ukraine under pressure by Russia, letting negotiations to be held under theUnited Nations Security Council, writing it as "a significant success of Kazakh diplomacy, which was taking its first steps in the international arena, opened the way for further negotiations with all influential states at the highest level."[18]
In 1993, he became first deputy foreign minister and on 13 October 1994, Tokayev was appointed to the post ofminister of foreign affairs.
On 12 October 1999, with the endorsement of theParliament of Kazakhstan, he was appointedPrime Minister of Kazakhstan by decree of PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev. Upon assuming office, Tokayev's government placed a strong emphasis on the agricultural sector, recognizing it as a fundamental pillar of the nation's economy. He cautioned against prematurely introducing legislation on land privatization, thereby signaling a cautious approach to such significant reforms. Additionally, Tokayev outlined several key areas of focus for the government, including the development of sports, the timely payment of pensions, and providing support for domestic producers—measures deemed essential for ensuring the long-term economic and social stability of Kazakhstan.[19]
Under Tokayev's leadership, Kazakhstan's economy showed significant growth, with GDP expanding by 13.5% in 2001, while inflation was successfully reduced by 11.2%.[20] However, in November 2001, during an interview withKhabar Agency, Tokayev threatened to resign unless Nazarbayev took action against certain government officials whom he accused of undermining the executive branch and obstructing necessary democratic reforms. As a result of this pressure, six cabinet members were dismissed, including Deputy Prime MinisterOraz Jandosov, Minister of Labour and Social ProtectionAlikhan Baimenov, Pavlodar Region akimGalymzhan Zhakiyanov, and Deputy Defense MinisterJanat Ertlesova.[21][22]
On 28 January 2002, Tokayev resigned from his post as prime minister, citing the centralization of power under the strong presidential system as the cause of his resignation. He was subsequently appointed asState Secretary andMinister of Foreign Affairs, where he continued to play a key role in shaping Kazakhstan's foreign policy.[23]
He was elected Chairman of the Council of Foreign Ministers of theCommonwealth of Independent States and of theShanghai Cooperation Organisation. Tokayev took part in ten sessions of the United Nations General Assembly. He held a diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
Throughout his tenure, Tokayev pursued a multi-vector foreign policy, balancing Kazakhstan's relations with Russia, China, and the West. His diplomatic efforts helped Kazakhstan avoid confrontations with other states, instead fostering cooperation and promoting stability both regionally and globally.
On 11 January 2007, Tokayev was appointed Deputy and Chairman of the Senate of Kazakhstan by Nursultan Nazarbayev. He was elected unanimously by the Senate deputies to the position. Tokayev emphasized that Kazakhstan was facing important tasks at this moment in history and pledged to make every effort to achieve the country's goals, including the strategy to place Kazakhstan among the top 50 most competitive states.
He served the post until being relieved on 15 April 2011 after being appointed Director-General of the United Nations. President Nazarbayev expressed his gratitude towards Tokayev, stating that he's "absolutely committed to the path of reforms that I am pursuing."[25]
On 16 October 2013, he was reappointed again as the Senate Chair and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate MPs.[26]
During the interview toBBC News in June 2018, Tokayev hinted a possibility on Nazarbayev's succession by expressing his belief that he wouldn't run for re-election as his presidential term was to end in 2020.[28]
While serving as a deputy of the Senate, Tokayev was elected Vice-President of theParliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE PA) during its 31st Annual Session inAstana on 3 July 2008.[29] From there, he played a key part in international parliamentary diplomacy, election monitoring, and regional security discussions. Tokayev contributed to OSCE PA initiatives, including serving as deputy head of the election observation mission underTony Lloyd to Belarus during the2010 presidential election,[30] which raised concerns about electoral transparency and human rights violations.[31]
Tokayev also prioritized trans-regional cooperation, particularly in addressing security challenges in Central Asia, such as theunrest in Kyrgyzstan and theconflict in Afghanistan.[32] He advocated for stronger OSCE engagement in the region and efforts to enhance stability.[33] His leadership was instrumental in hosting key OSCE PA events in Kazakhstan, including the 2010 Trans-Asian Parliamentary Forum inAlmaty, where Tokayev reinforced Kazakhstan's commitment to international cooperation and parliamentary diplomacy.[32]
In March 2011, the Secretary-General of the United Nations,Ban Ki-moon, announced the appointment of Tokayev to succeedSergei Ordzhonikidze as theUnder-Secretary-General and Director-General of theUnited Nations Office at Geneva, a key hub for the UN's international diplomatic and humanitarian work, citing his wealth of experience at senior government levels, his thorough knowledge of theConference on Disarmament (CD) and his extensive management expertise.[34] With this appointment, Tokayev made history as the first Asian representative to hold the position.[35]
Tokayev was appointed as the Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General to the CD, a vital body for negotiating international arms control and disarmament agreements. During his leadership, he navigated financial challenges, implemented reforms to improve efficiency, and ensured the office's continued effectiveness.[36] He worked to overcome the deadlock on critical disarmament issues, including theFissile Material Cut-off Treaty, proposing in February 2012 procedural reforms such as extending the presidency duration and expanding membership.[37] Tokayev emphasized the need for political will and urgent action to revitalize the CD and advance global disarmament efforts.[38] His tenure also saw his participation in the2012 Nuclear Security Summit inSeoul, where he highlighted Kazakhstan's commitment to nuclear disarmament and global security.[39]
Tokayev's tenure was marked by his efforts to promote Geneva as a diplomatic hub on issues such as human rights, global health, economic cooperation, and climate change for international dialogue as well as addressing conflicts, such as theSyrian civil war, and territorial disputes. He strongly supported UN reforms, including Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's initiatives to reduce administrative costs and enhance transparency in UN operations, aligning with his broader goal of maintaining the UN Office's effectiveness.[36]
Following his appointment as Chairman of the Senate, Tokayev stepped down as Director-General of the UN Office in Geneva and was succeeded byMichael Møller on 5 November 2013.[40]
On 19 March 2019, then-PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev announced his resignation.[41] According to the Constitution of Kazakhstan, in case of early termination of powers, theSenate chairman becomes theacting president until the end of the previous term.[42] On 20 March, Tokayev officially took office as president.[43][44][45]
Immediately upon assuming office, Tokayev proposed renaming the capital city of Kazakhstan after his predecessor, and the same day theParliament of Kazakhstan approved the renaming of Astana toNur-Sultan.[46][47]
In his first weeks of office, Tokayev conducted trips across regions, meeting with various groups, and emphasized the importance of political stability, socio-economic development, and alignment with Nazarbayev's legacy. He focused on ensuring continuity and stability in Kazakhstan's policies, while addressing new global challenges.[48][49]
On 9 April 2019, Tokayev signed decree schedulingsnap presidential elections to be held on 9 June.[50] He pledged electoral transparency and emphasized that Kazakhstan is a democratic state, asserting that a president should be elected according to the "will of the people" to eliminate political uncertainty.[50][51]
Tokayev became a presidential candidate after being nominated by the rulingNur Otan party on 23 April 2019, with the endorsement of party chairman and former presidentNursultan Nazarbayev.[52][53] His campaign focused on continuing existing policies, ensuring justice, and promoting progress. A key part of his platform was maintaining Nazarbayev's legacy, which Tokayev cited as his reason for running.[54] During the campaign, Tokayev was mocked on social media for usingphoto manipulation software to remove wrinkles and his double chin from official photos.[55]
After being elected in the2019 election, Tokayev wasfully sworn in as Kazakhstan's second president on 12 June 2019 at thePalace of Independence in Nur-Sultan, which was attended by high-ranking Kazakh officials including former president Nazarbayev himself.[64] From there, Tokayev addressed the nation that he would serve the nation's citizens fairly, embarking that "different opinions, united nation" would be a slogan of his presidency.[64]
In June 2019, following a military ammo deposit blast in the town ofArys which resulted in evacuations of residents and hundreds of injuries, Tokayev launched a criminal case and ordered the Interior and Defence ministries to prevent possible more explosions, pledging that any perpetrators would be prosecuted.[65][66] Tokayev paid visit to the town on 25 June, touring buildings that were affected by the blast as well as meeting with hospitalised victims.[67]
Tokayev delivered his firstState of the Nation Address on 2 September 2019. The address focused on strengthening civil society and social security, supporting domestic business and economic development.[68]
After theBek Air Flight 2100 crash, Tokayev declared the following day, 28 December 2019, anational day of mourning and said that "all those responsible will be severely punished in accordance with the law."[69] He also ordered the suspension of the flight authorisation ofBek Air, the domestic airline involved.[70]
Following theDungan–Kazakh ethnic clashes which broke out in February 2020, Tokayev fired the governor, deputy governor and police chief of the southernJambyl Region.[71][72][73] Tokayev blamed "two criminal groups" fighting over contraband for the deadlyethnic violence between ethnicKazakhs and the relatively wealthierDungan minority.[74]
In an interview to Informburo news agency, Tokayev commented on the fate ofMukhtar Dzhakishev, saying "this issue is exclusively within the competence of the court. Of course, I am aware that Dzhakishev has repeatedly applied for parole on ill-health. The session of the court of first instance will be held on 3 March. Let's wait for its decision, which I am sure will be fair."[75] On 3 March 2020, the Semey City Court upheld the motion to grant parole to Dzhakishev. He served a 14-year prison sentence since 2009.[76]
In his secondState of the Nation Address on 1 September 2020, Tokayev unveiled seven reforms with most focus on economic recovery. From there, he spoke of optimizing Kazakhstan's social system, increasing productivity and a greener economy, leveling business conditions, investing more in education and overseeing the state's administration as it becomes more sensitive and accountable.[77]
In October 2019, Tokayev signed a decree stipulating that ministerial appointments required Nazarbayev's approval, with the exception of the ministers of defense, interior, and foreign affairs.[80] This move further underscored Nazarbayev's continued influence over key governmental decisions.[81] However, in May 2020, Tokayev dismissed Dariga Nazarbayeva from her position as Senate Chairwoman, signaling a potential shift in the balance of power and fueling speculation about Tokayev's increasing political independence.[82][83]
Throughout this period, Tokayev rejected the notion of a dual power structure, emphasizing that there was nodiarchy between himself and Nazarbayev. He asserted that while he occasionally sought advice from Nazarbayev, he was the legitimately elected head of state and that there were no contradictions in his exercise of presidential authority.[84]
Nazarbayev's gradual retreat from the political scene became more evident on 28 April 2021, when he resigned from the chairmanship of the QHA and nominated Tokayev as his successor.[85] By November 2021, Nazarbayev officially ceded leadership of the Nur Otan party to Tokayev, thus consolidating Tokayev's control over both the presidency and the ruling party.[86]
Tokayev played a pivotal role in Kazakhstan's decision to abolish thedeath penalty, a move shaped by domestic human rights advocacy and international commitments. In December 2019, he announced the country's intention to join theSecond Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, responding to concerns raised by Kazakh human rights activists and experts during discussions at the National Council of Public Trust. He directed theMinistry of Foreign Affairs to initiate the process of accession, setting the stage for legislative changes.[87][88]
Addressing theUnited Nations General Assembly in 2020, Tokayev framed the decision as a step toward fulfilling "a fundamental right to life and human dignity." Shortly after, on 23 September 2020, Kazakhstan's representative to the UN, Kairat Umarov, formally signed the protocol.[87] The Parliament ratified the document on 29 December 2020, and on 2 January 2021, Tokayev signed the decree officially abolishing the death penalty.[89]
In autumn 2020, Tokayev announced date for2021 legislative elections, where he asserted that the electoral and political process had been liberalised to allow for greater involvement in civil society and that the newly incoming parliament convocation will focus on support for socio-economic reforms.[90] During election day, Tokayev said that the government would resign in accordance with law and that he would consult with newly elected deputies and party leaders in regard to the appointments of prime minister and cabinet members.[91]
Tokayev outlined main directions for Kazakhstan which were increasing the incomes of population, eradication of corruption, judicial reforms, creating new jobs with decent wages, solving housing issues, fair social policies, regional developments, spiritualism, foreign national interests and youth opportunities.[94] In his first month of presidency, Tokayev made several reorganisations and appointments within the administration and the ministerial cabinet with some top officials such as Presidential Administration headBakhytzhan Sagintayev and National Security Committee chairmanKarim Massimov keeping their posts while others being reshuffled or forced to stepped down.[95]
Tokayev has emphasized economic equity, advocating for a fair distribution of national income, which he described as "strategically important" for Kazakhstan. Early in his presidency, he took steps to enhance trade and economic growth, establishing theMinistry of Trade and Integration in June 2019 and appointingBakhyt Sultanov as its head. The Ministry was tasked with boosting exports, a key driver of job creation and economic expansion.
In response to financial difficulties faced by citizens, Tokayev prioritized wage increases and debt relief. In a national address, he announced a raise in theminimum wage—the first since 2018—from 42,500 to 60,000 ₸, effective 1 January 2022. He framed this decision as a necessary step to stimulate domestic consumption amid the financial strain caused by theCOVID-19 pandemic. To further support workers, he urged businesses to increase salaries and pledged state-backed incentives to facilitate wage growth.
Tokayev also pursued social support policies aimed at relieving personal debt. In an interview withBloomberg News, he outlined an initiative to assist citizens in extreme financial hardship, ultimately benefitting 16% of Kazakhstan's population. Rejecting government bailouts for banks, he instead signed a decree on 26 June 2019 directing the government and National Bank to begin decommissioning unsecured consumer loans, signaling a shift toward financial self-reliance.
His administration also focused on economic governance and structural reforms. In January 2020, Tokayev initiated the formation of the Centre for Analysis and Monitoring of Socio-Economic Reforms, later evolving into the Presidential Reform Agency. That same month, he called for stricter registration policies for cars imported from theEurasian Economic Union (EAEU), despite protests from vehicle owners with foreign plates.
Theeconomic challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic prompted further government intervention. In March 2020, Tokayev directed the government to develop an anti-crisis plan to uphold social obligations.[96] The plan introduced tax incentives, subsidized credit, and employment support to ease the burden on the private sector.[97] However, as inflation surged, public dissatisfaction grew.[98] Tokayev criticized the government and central bank for their inaction, calling for a reduction in inflation to 2–4% and attributing the rise in prices to an excess money supply generated by pandemic relief measures.[99]
On 26 June 2019, the President signed a Decree "On Measures to Reduce the Debt Burden of Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan" to provide timely assistance to citizens with financial difficulties.[100] The credit amnesty was a one-time measure and affected families with many children, disabled people, and recipients of state-targeted social assistance. The amount of loans to be written off had to be no more than 3 million tenge (around $6,500) as of 1 June 2019.
At the teacher's conference held in August 2019, Tokayev announced that the average salary for schoolteachers in Kazakhstan would be increased by double within four years. He also instructed theMinistry of Education and Science to develop and launch special programs to overcome the academic gap of children from low-income families and schools in socially troubled areas, noting the need of overcome educational inequality specially between rural and urban areas.[101]
Tokayev expressed the need for Kazakhstan to have a nuclear power plant in April 2019, claiming that the country would face an electricity deficit by 2030.[102] From early 2021, energy consumption in Kazakhstan sharply rose by 8% as a result of increase in cryptocurrency mining from miners fleeing China.[103]
In May 2021, Tokayev announced the Low-Carbon Development Concept, a national project which seeks to reduce Kazakhstan's dependency on coal by development electric power industry and the country's energy balance by 2035.[104]
From the outset of his presidency, Tokayev signaled a commitment to addressing environmental challenges, describing them as "concerning" in his inaugural speech.[105][106] To streamline environmental governance, he established theMinistry of Ecology, Geology, and Natural Resources in June 2019, appointingMagzum Myrzagaliev as its head.[107][108] The Ministry was tasked with overseeing environmental protection, resource management, and waste treatment, reflecting Tokayev's broader agenda of sustainable development.[109]
One of the key environmental issues Tokayev addressed was air pollution inAlmaty, where he emphasized the need for decisive action.[110] He directed the government, the city administration, and Samruk-Energy to expedite the transition of the Almaty-2 thermal power station tonatural gas, citing its emissions as a major source of pollution. Tokayev warned against any delays in implementation, calling them "absolutely unacceptable."[110][111]
His administration also pursued legislative measures to protect Kazakhstan's natural resources. In 2021, theMäjilis ratified a protocol under the Caspian Sea Framework Convention, aimed at regulating pollution from land-based sources. Tokayev signed the law into effect on 4 October 2021, reinforcing Kazakhstan's commitment to regional environmental cooperation.[112]
Tokayev supported ahealth insurance mandate in Kazakhstan as a way to improve the quality and accessibility of medical services as well as maintained funding for free medical care and the development of healthcare system.[113]
On 7 July 2020, Tokayev signed the new code "On public health and healthcare system" and law "On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts on healthcare issues" into place, which strengthened legal protection for medical personnel, introduced a differentiated approach to medical errors, and redefined a citizen's rights regarding vaccination. The code also restricted the consumption of e-cigarettes and introduced a ban on the import, production and distribution of snus and other non-smoking tobacco products, as well as introduced administrative responsibility for the sale of tobacco products to persons under the age of 21.[114]
Tokayev pledged for the government to continue in investing for the development of infrastructure so that Kazakh citizens would have an access for clean drinking water, natural gas and public transport and continue in monitoring the implementation of theNurly Zhol programme, of which was enacted by Nazarbayev.[113] He called for the officials along with the Parliament and Accounts Committee to ensure the efficient use of budget funds.[113]
During a visit toAlmaty in May 2020, Tokayev was presented with plans for the reconstruction of theAlmaty International Airport which included a new terminal, from there he expressed his desire that the Almaty Airport would become largest aviation hub in Central Asia.[115]
Tokayev meeting with government officials and deputies, 15 January 2021
One of the significant elements of the President's public policy was to propose the concept of a "Listening State", where the public administration would follow the basic principle of "not a citizen for the state, but a state for the citizen". Tokayev advocated political reforms that would promote the concept of a "state that listens" to civil society creating a constructive dialogue.[68] Tokayev initiated the establishment of the new National Council of Public Trust to facilitate this dialogue.[68]
He also called fordirect elections for theäkıms (local heads) of rural districts, townships, and villages to be held in 2021 to which he signed decree on 14 September 2020 of the implementation of National Plan of Measures which set tasks for the drafting of constitutional amendments that would allow for rural äkım direct elections as well as the development of local government and its functions.[116][117]
In May 2020, Tokayev signed the laws "On the procedure for organizing and holding peaceful assemblies in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "On introducing amendments to the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "On Elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan", and "On introducing amendments and additions to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Political Parties".[118] The new laws are an important part of the measures to strengthen the state's democratic foundations, and enhance the role of civil society.[118] In hisState of the Nation Address, he emphasised that "Kazakhstan must create amulti-party system to build a modern, effective state", also saying that the rulingNur Otan party should collaborate more with other parties.[119][120]
In January 2021, Tokayev at the opening first session of the7th Parliament proposed to reduce theelectoral threshold from 7% to 5%, stating it would encourage more registered parties to participate in the future parliamentary elections as well as the vote option "Against all" to be re-included in the ballots once again.[121] As theParliament ratified Tokayev's proposed constitutional amendments, he signed the laws into place on 25 May 2021.[122]
On 4 December 2019, on the eve of a state visit to Germany, he gave an interview toDeutsche Welle, in which he called Germany a "key European partner for Kazakhstan".[124] In that same interview, he drew controversy by saying that he did not believe that theannexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation was an invasion while also saying that he believed in the "wisdom of the Russian leadership", drawing condemnation from the UkrainianMinistry of Foreign Affairs, who issued ademarche in response.[125]
In April 2021, Tokayev signed a decree forming the Special Representative for International Cooperation, claiming that such post would increase attention of Kazakhstan's leadership to international cooperation concerns in the light of the dynamically changing global and regional agenda.[126] He appointedErzhan Kazykhanov to the post, whom was instructed to deal with issues of expanding international cooperation in the humanitarian sphere, climate diplomacy, as well as promoting Kazakhstan's key foreign policy initiatives.[126]
During the sixth meeting of theConference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia held on 10–11 October 2021, Tokayev proposed turning the intergovernmental forum into a full-fledged organisation, outlining that the transformation would emphasise Asia's new role in global affairs which in turn give the member states commitment to create "a truly common, indivisible, and comprehensive security architecture on the largest continent".[127][128]
Following the2021 Taliban offensive, Tokayev urged to take measures in ensuring safety of Kazakhstani citizens and diplomats withinAfghanistan, in which Kazakhstan would closely follow its developments.[129] During a meeting with the EU Special Representative for Central AsiaTehri Hakala, Tokayev expressed concern in regards to the stability in Afghanistan, warning that entire region of Central Asian is facing a risk due to the conflict.[130] On 18 August 2021, he instructed theMinistry of Foreign Affairs to attempt to provide a maximum assistance in returning ethnic Kazakhs residing in Afghanistan, while noting that the issue of accepting Afghan refugees would not be considered.[131]
According to political analyst Rico Isaacs, the decision in Tokayev replacingNursultan Nazarbayev was due to his own full will to not rapidly implementdemocratic reforms, which would hurt Nazarbayev's legacy of stability and relations with Russia.[132] Just two weeks after taking office, Tokayev visitedMoscow in his first foreignstate visit on 4 April 2019, meeting with Putin alongside other Russian officials.[133] During the visit, Putin offered Russian assistance to Tokayev in the construction of a proposednuclear power plant in the country.[134] In June 2019, Tokayev stated that the decision of constructing a nuclear power plants would be made on decision by local matter, if by means of areferendum.[135]
In late 2020, Russian lawmakersVyacheslav Nikonov andYevgeny Fyodorov made remarks on how the entire Kazakhstani territory was a gift given by theSoviet Union and that was currently being leased by Russia. This sparked backlash from the KazakhMinistry of Foreign Affairs which warned about severing relations between both nations due to "provocative attacks".[136][137] In response to controversial statements, Tokayev in response onEgemen Qazaqstan, wrote that such words from "some foreign citizens" are aimed at "spoiling" relations between two states, insisting that "nobody from outside gave Kazakhs this large territory as a gift."[138]
Tokayev made a state visit to China in September 2019.[139]: 158 There, he met withCCP General SecretaryXi Jinping inBeijing of which both leaders agreed to form a permanent comprehensive strategic partnership.[140] Tokayev vowed to triple wheat exports to China to 2 million tonnes possibly including salt, dairy products, meat and poultry as well.[141] During a visit toPeking University, he met with his long-term intern language teacher Liu Shiqing as well as Kazakhstani students. Shiqing described Tokayev as "sociable, active, quick" who became fluent in Chinese and as "one of the best students."[142]
During a visit to Kyrgyzstan in late 2019, he visited the House-Museum of Kyrgyz writerChingiz Aitmatov inBishkek, where he met with the late writer's wife and reminisced about his first encounters with Aitmatov inBeijing in 1989.[145]
After becoming president, Tokayev maintained strong relations with Kazakhstan's strategic allies, including the United States. On 2 February 2020, he met with U.S. Secretary of StateMike Pompeo during his visit toAstana where both sides expressed the importance of deepening bilateral ties across the entire spectrum of cooperation, including trade, investment, IT technologies, promoting democratic values and combating international terrorism. Pompeo wished for Tokayev in his success in implementing political reforms with anopen skies agreement being signed which created a legal basis for launching direct regular flights between Kazakhstan and U.S.[147] According to some analysts, Pompeo's visit to Kazakhstan was seen as an attempt to counter China's influence within the country as he had met with ethnic Kazakh families of whom were victims of theXinjiang internment camps and urged for Tokayev to pressure China over its persecution of ethnic Uyghur and Kazakhs.[148][149]
In June 2020, U.S. PresidentDonald Trump congratulated President Tokayev on his one-year anniversary of presidency. In his congratulatory letter, Trump expressed his support for the reforms that had been undertaken in Kazakhstan and reaffirmed his intention to further develop strategic partnership between the two countries.[150]
In January 2022, protests erupted inZhanaozen,Mangystau Region, following a sudden increase inliquefied petroleum gas (LPG) prices. In response to the sharp rise, Tokayev introducedprice controls on LPG, diesel, gasoline, and essential goods in an effort to stabilize the situation and address public concerns.[151][152][153] However, the protests quickly escalated into large-scale nationwide civil unrest, driven by grievances over economic inequality, corruption, and political stagnation under Tokayev's administration and the long rule of former presidentNursultan Nazarbayev.[154][155]
On 5 January 2022, Tokayev declared astate of emergency, imposed acurfew, and authorized security forces to usedeadly force against demonstrators, stating they would "shoot to kill, without warning."[156][157][158] He labeled the protesters as "bandits and terrorists" and accused them of attempting to destabilize the country as part of an allegedcoup d'état attempt orchestrated by "foreign-trained militants".[159][160][161] That same day, he dismissed Prime MinisterAsqar Mamin and assumed control of theSecurity Council, removing Nazarbayev from his long-held position as chairman.[162][163] He also replacedNational Security Committee (NSC) chairmanKarim Massimov withErmek Sagimbayev.[164] To restore order, Tokayev requested military assistance from the Russian-ledCollective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), marking the first deployment of CSTO forces in a member state as part of a peacekeeping operation.[165] Later, Massimov was arrested on charges ofhigh treason.[166][167]
The aftermath of the unrest resulted in significant mass detentions, civilian casualties and property damage,[168][169][170] prompting Tokayev in an address given to the Parliament on 11 January 2022 to initiate sweeping political and economic reforms, which included a focus on economic justice, political decentralization, anti-corruption measures, and enhanced security.[171] As part of this shift in policy, several of Nazarbayev's close relatives lost key positions. On 15 January, the sovereign wealth fundSamruk-Kazyna announced the resignations ofQairat Sharipbaev as CEO ofQazaqGaz andDimash Dosanov as head ofKazTransOil, both sons-in-law of Nazarbayev.[172] On 17 January,Timur Kulibayev, Nazarbayev's son-in-law and one of Kazakhstan's wealthiest individuals, resigned as chairman of the Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs. That same day, Tokayev dismissed Nazarbayev's nephew,Samat Abish, from his role as deputy chairman of the NSC.[173] This marked a move in Tokayev's consolidation of power and his shift toward greater political independence from Nazarbayev's influence, setting the stage for a reshaped political hierarchy in Kazakhstan.[174][175]
Tokayev endorsed his nomination, citing Smaiylov's economic expertise and governance experience as essential for ensuring stability and implementing reforms in the aftermath of the unrest.[178] Smaiylov's appointment during a period of post-turmoil marked a political transition, with his cabinet comprising a mix of established officials and new ministers, maintaining continuity while implementing Tokayev's reform agenda. The reliance on existing bureaucratic structures largely suggested that systemic changes under Tokayev would be gradual.[179]
On 28 January 2022, at the21st Nur Otan Extraordinary Congress, Tokayev was unanimously elected as the chairman of theNur Otan party, succeedingNursultan Nazarbayev, who had held the position since 1999.[180] In his speech, Tokayev outlined his priorities, including strengthening societal unity, addressing socio-economic issues, fighting corruption, and improving public reception. He also suggested that he might step down from the party by the end of 2022 to maintain presidential impartiality.[181][182]
During Tokayev's tenure, several key changes occurred shortly after within the Nur Otan party ranks.Nurlan Nigmatullin, a prominent Nur Otan deputy, resigned aschairman of the Mäjilis, andErlan Qoşanov, Tokayev's former chief of staff, took over the position.[183][184] Additionally,Dariga Nazarbayeva, a key figure in the party and the daughter of Nursultan Nazarbayev, stepped down from her deputy seat.[185][186][187][188]
At the 22nd Nur Otan Extraordinary Congress on 1 March 2022, Tokayev supported a proposal to rename the party toAmanat. He emphasized decentralizing the party, improving voter engagement, and addressing real issues. During the congress, Nigmatullin was removed from the Amanat political council.[189][190]
On 26 April 2022, at the 23rd Amanat Extraordinary Congress, Tokayev resigned as party chairman and withdrew from Amanat membership to maintain presidential neutrality and separation of powers.[191][192] The delegates unanimously approved Tokayev's proposal to have Erlan Qoşanov take over as party chairman.[193]
On 16 March 2022, Tokayev proposed package of constitutional reforms to reduce presidential powers and strengthen parliament, transitioning from a "superpresidential" system to a "presidential republic with a strong parliament".[194] The reforms amended 33 out of 99 articles—one-third of theKazakh Constitution—introducing measures such as barring the president from party membership, prohibiting relatives from holding top government positions, and limiting presidential control over appointing regional governors (akims) by requiring regional assemblies (maslihats) to approve akim nominees.[195][196][197] Other key changes included reducing presidentially appointed seats in theSenate, introducing amixed electoral system, restoring theConstitutional Court, and removing Nursultan Nazarbayev's constitutional title of "Elbasy" (Leader of the Nation).[198][199]
A referendum on 5 June 2022 approved these amendments with a majority of voters.[200] The constitutional amendments were later signed into law by Tokayev on 5 November 2022.[201]
In September 2022, Tokayev introduced nonrenewable seven-year presidential term and renamed the capital back toAstana from Nur-Sultan.[202]
On 4 May 2022, President Tokayev signed a decree creating three new regions —Ulytau,Jetisu, andAbai Region — and moving the administrative center ofAlmaty Region to the city ofQonayev as part of administrative reforms aimed at improving public administration and regional development. As a result, Kazakhstan consisted of 17 regions and three cities of national significance, totaling 20 territorial units.[203][204]
On 14 June 2022, Tokayev signed a decree establishing theNational Kurultai, a new civic institution designed to have broader and more relevant functions than its predecessor, theNational Council of Public Trust.[205] The first meeting of the National Kurultai took place on 16 June in Ulytau Region.[206]
On 1 September 2022, during hisState of the Nation Address, Tokayev announcedsnap presidential elections, citing the need for a new mandate of trust from the people and officially declared his bid for re-election.[207] He later signed a decree on 21 September, officially scheduling the election for 20 November.[208] Tokayev promised that the election would be a major reset of Kazakhstan's political system and assured it would be fair and transparent, with both domestic and international observers taking part.[209]
In his bid for presidency anindependent, Tokayev expressed his interest in being nominated by "a broad coalition of socio-political forces".[210] On 6 October 2022, aPeople's Coalition (HK) consisting of the parliamentary parties ofAmanat,Aq Jol, andPeople's, as well as several public associations was formed in support of Tokayev's candidacy.[211] During the forum, the HK nominated Tokayev as their presidential candidate, stating that the election would shape Kazakhstan's future.[212] Tokayev's campaign programme,Fair State– Fair Economy – Fair Society (Kazakh:Әділетті мемлекет – Әділетті экономика – Әділетті қоғам), focused on political reforms, economic development, and social investments to build a Fair Kazakhstan.[213][214][215][216]
On 20 November 2022, Tokayev was re-elected as president in anelectoral landslide, winning 81.3% of the vote in the first round, with little serious opposition.[217][218] The presidential election featured an "against all" option, which received 6% of the vote share,[219][220] and most of Tokayev's challengers were viewed as "pocket candidates" with low recognition and limited support.[221] While theOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe praised the election's preparation, it criticized the lack of real competition and called for legal reforms to ensure greater political pluralism.[222]
On 26 November 2022, Tokayev was solemnly inaugurated at thePalace of Independence inAstana. In his inaugural address, Tokayev reaffirmed his commitment to implementing comprehensive political reforms aimed at establishing a Fair Kazakhstan, grounded in the principles of democracy, rule of law, and respect for human rights.[223]
Following the inauguration, Tokayev signed a series of significant decrees, including the appointment of theSenate election date for 14 January 2023, the initiation of a state program for rural development covering the period 2023–2027, measures for the return of illegally exported national assets, and reforms of the Supreme Audit Chamber to enhance governmental transparency and accountability.[224][225] Tokayev also approved an action plan for the implementation of his 2022 electoral program to ensure the continuation and consolidation of constitutional and institutional reforms throughout his term of office.[226]
On 15 February 2023, Tokayev signed a law officially repealing the "Law on the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Elbasy", formally endingNursultan Nazarbayev's constitutional title as Leader of the Nation. The law also removed special privileges for him and his family, including lifetime immunity from prosecution. This action followed a ruling by the newly re-established Constitutional Court, which found the law inconsistent with constitutional amendments approved by a nation.[227][228]
On 2 September 2024, Tokayev delivered his annualState of the Nation Address, outlining priorities for Kazakhstan's economic, political, and social future. The speech emphasized critical areas such as addressing the budget deficit, strengthening governance, and improving living standards.
On 19 January 2023, Tokayev signed a decree dissolving the7th Parliament of Kazakhstan and announcedearly legislative elections for lower houseMäjilis on 19 March 2023. This move was part of his broader political modernization agenda following constitutional reforms initiated in 2022.[229][230] In a public statement, Tokayev expressed hope that the new composition of deputies would contribute to the comprehensive modernization of Kazakhstan, emphasizing the importance of transparency and fairness in the electoral process.[231]
The 2023 legislative elections used amixed electoral system for the first time since2004, with 70% of seats from party lists and 30% from single-member districts, reflecting recent constitutional reforms. The rulingAmanat party retained a majority control of Mäjilis amid participation from six parties and independent candidates.[232][233][234] Despite increased pluralism, pro-government factions remained dominant, and some electoral irregularities were reported.[235] Overall, the elections demonstrated Tokayev's approach of controlled political modernization while maintaining presidential influence.[236]
In hisState of the Nation Address on September 8, 2025, Tokayev proposed a major constitutional reform to transition the Parliament of Kazakhstan from a bicameral to a unicameral system. He argued that the Senate, which he chaired for a decade, had fulfilled its historic mission but was no longer necessary for the country's next stage of development. Tokayev emphasized that the reform would eliminate the presidential quota for appointing deputies, aiming to create a "truly professional parliament" elected entirely through party lists.[237][238] He stated that the proposal would be subject to extensive public discussion for at least one year, with a nationwide constitutional referendum tentatively scheduled for 2027.[239]
Alongside these political reforms, Tokayev pursued digital modernization, opening the "Digital Bridge 2025" forum in October. He announced the creation of the "Alem.ai" International Center for Artificial Intelligence and set a goal to transform Kazakhstan into a "fully digital state" within three years.[240]
Internationally, Tokayev sought to position Kazakhstan as a key transit hub rather than just a raw material exporter. Addressing the UN General Assembly in September 2025, he pledged to build 5,000 kilometers of railway by 2029 to strengthen theTrans-Caspian International Transport Route ("Middle Corridor"), supported by a locomotive supply deal withWabtec.[241][242] His administration also oversaw a surge in outbound capital; between January and October 2025, Kazakhstan became the second-largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) into Turkey ($1.1 billion), trailing only the Netherlands.[243][244]
Tokayev's domestic policy, emphasized economic modernization, anti-corruption measures, and strengthening governance, with a focus on national security and decentralization.[245] He highlights reducing inequality, promoting political accountability, fair wealth distribution, and creating job opportunities for youth, alongside reforms in education and technological innovation with an aim to foster a more inclusive society, national unity, and social stability.[246]
Tokayev has placed strong emphasis on reducing Kazakhstan's reliance on raw materials by promoting the development of a diversified industrial base. In hisState of the Nation Address in September 2023, he called for the accelerated growth of manufacturing clusters, including metals, heavy machinery, uranium processing, automotive parts, and fertilizers, with three-year tax exemptions offered to investors. He also set a target for processed agricultural products to represent 70 percent of total agricultural output within three years.[247]
The government has aimed to attract up to US $150 billion in foreign investment and introduced banking reforms to encourage prudent business lending.[248] In 2024, Kazakhstan attracted US $15.7 billion inforeign direct investment, marking the highest level in North and Central Asia.[249] In 2025, the country reaffirmed its position as a reform-oriented investment destination, focusing on sectors such as mining, logistics, digital infrastructure, and sustainability.[250]
Governance reforms have targeted demonopolization, the recovery of illegally privatized assets, and greater transparency.[251] Major state-owned enterprises have begun privatization through public offerings. Support measures for small and medium enterprises, modernization of tax legislation, and reduction of state dominance in the economy have also been pursued.[252]
Tokayev stressed macroeconomic stability and set a goal to double Kazakhstan's GDP by 2029. In July 2024, he approved the National Development Plan focusing on quality growth, innovation, and well-being.[253][254] The plan aims to raise the national GDP to $450 billion, increase growth to 6.7%, and improve life expectancy to 77 years, positioning Kazakhstan as a high-income country.[255]
Tokayev has led major initiatives to modernize Kazakhstan's energy sector and infrastructure. In response to the 2022 energy crisis, Tokayev signed decree launching a national energy efficiency program aimed at reducing energy waste, modernizing power plants, and improving grid resilience.[256] In 2024, the Kazakh government under Tokayev's initiative launched a comprehensive national infrastructure plan valued at 40 trillion tenge, covering energy, transportation, water management, and digital technologies. This plan aims to strengthen Kazakhstan's position as a Eurasian transit hub, including expanded capacity on theTrans-Caspian Gas Pipeline.[257][258] He approved a five-year National Project for the Modernization of the Energy and Utilities Sectors in December 2024 to upgrade infrastructure, enhance efficiency, and attract investment.[259][260][261][262]
Simultaneously, Tokayev's administration renegotiated production-sharing agreements with foreign oil firms to secure better terms, while regulatory reforms encourage private investment and strengthen partnerships in the energy sector.[278]
Tokayev has introduced a series of social and educational reforms aimed at improving public welfare, strengthening the national education system, and expanding legal protections. Notably, the government has implemented annual 20% salary increases for approximately 600,000 public-sector employees, including cultural, technical, and educational staff.[279] In his September 2022 State of the Nation Address, Tokayev announced that starting in 2024, half of the National Fund's annual investment income would be allocated to a newly established National Fund for Children, with savings accounts accessible upon reaching adulthood.[280][281][282] The initiative was formalized in November 2023, when he signed a law establishing the fund and setting its implementation framework.[283][284][285][286]
Education policy under Tokayev's administration has focused on expanding internet connectivity and digital resources in schools, improving the overall education system, and modernizing vocational training to align with labour market requirements.[287][288][289][290] In December 2024, Tokayev signed a decree declaring 2025 the "Year of Working Professions", emphasizing the strategic role of vocational and skilled trades in national development.[291][292] In January 2025, the government launched the Keleshek voluntary education savings program, providing a one-time educational capital to children turning five years old to support future access to higher education.[293][294][295]
In April 2024, Tokayev signed theSaltanat law, restoring criminal liability for domestic violence against women and children in response to public outcry over the high-profile case trial following themurder of Saltanat Nukenova.[296][297][298] In June 2025, he signed a law banning face-covering Islamic garments, includingniqabs andburqas, in public spaces, with exemptions for medical reasons or severe weather, framing it as a measure to promote national clothing and uphold Kazakhstan's secular identity.[299][300][301][302][303][304]
Map of the international presidential trips made by TokayevTokayev with Azerbaijani PresidentIlham Aliyev on 24 August 2022
Tokayev has pledged to continue the foreign policy initiated byNursultan Nazarbayev, maintaining Kazakhstan's multi-vector approach.[305] This strategy balances relations with global powers, including allied relations withRussia, an eternal strategic partnership withChina, and a strategic partnership with theUnited States, while prioritizing regional cooperation and expanding ties with Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.[306] Tokayev emphasizes Kazakhstan's neutrality, sovereignty, and commitment to international law, actively participating in organizations like theUnited Nations,Eurasian Economic Union, andShanghai Cooperation Organisation.[306] Since 2022, he has reinforced Kazakhstan's independent foreign policy, focusing on economic diplomacy, security, and regional stability amidstglobal tensions.[307]
During the October 2022 Council of Heads of State of the CIS summit inAstana, Tokayev proposed the creation of anInternational Organisation for the Russian Language (IORL) to strengthen cultural and humanitarian ties amongCIS countries, using theRussian language to foster regional cooperation and intercultural dialogue.[308] On 12 October 2023, Tokayev approved a draft treaty for the creation of the IORL,[309][310] which was later ratified by theParliament on 20 November 2024.[311][312][313][314]
In September 2023, Tokayev emphasized the need for a new global movement for peace, highlighting Kazakhstan's role in theAstana Process for Syria and theCongress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions as key platforms for fostering inter-civilizational dialogue. Writing inThe Jerusalem Post, he stressed the role of religious leaders in promoting global stability, healing conflicts, and countering extremism. Tokayev called for diplomacy to address global crises and warned against the risks of a new arms race, nuclear threats, and escalating geopolitical rivalries reminiscent of theCold War.[315]
Kazakhstan decided to refrain from submitting a formal application forBRICS membership in October 2024, citing the complex multi-stage process and uncertainties regarding the association's future development.[316][317][318] Despite this, Kazakhstan accepted an invitation to become a BRICS partner state, effective 1 January 2025, allowing for closer cooperation without full membership.[319] In an interview withAl Jazeera English, Tokayev stated that Kazakhstan chose to remain an observer and partner state in BRICS, citing the group's lack of permanent structures and uncertain long-term effectiveness as reasons for not pursuing full membership.[320]
Tokayev also emphasized that Kazakhstan would comply with Western sanctions imposed on Russia after its invasion of Ukraine, and that the country "will abide by the restrictions imposed on Russia andBelarus."[324][325] In September 2022, Kazakhstan closed a loophole through which Russian and Belarusian trucks were able to import goods from the European Union into the country without the necessary paperwork.[326]
Following Tokayev's electoral victory in November 2022, international observers expect him to maintain Kazakhstan's pivot towards the EU and China, and away from Russia.[327][328]
In September 2022, Tokayev said that Kazakhstan would help Russians fleeing themobilization and war in Ukraine, saying that "most of them are forced to leave because of the current hopeless situation."[329] However, in December 2022, Kazakhstan deported back to Russia a Russian citizen who fled mobilization.[330] In January 2023, Kazakhstan announced they were tightening visa rules, a move that is expected to make it more difficult for Russians to remain in the country.[331]
On 9 May 2023, he attended theVictory Day parade in Moscow and met with Russian President Vladimir Putin.[332]
Since 2022, Tokayev has consistently intensified Kazakhstan's relations with the People's Republic of China, which, as of 2024, stands as Kazakhstan’s leading trading partner and largest foreign investor.[139]: 158 In September 2022,General Secretary of the Chinese Communist PartyXi Jinping conducted anofficial state visit to Kazakhstan, during which he reaffirmed China's unwavering support for Kazakhstan's sovereignty and territorial integrity, while emphasizing enhanced cooperation in trade, infrastructure development, and the energy sector.[333]
In May 2023, Tokayev paid a working visit to Beijing, where the parties agreed to broaden economic collaboration and to elevate Kazakhstan's participation in theBelt and Road Initiative (BRI). Both nations set an ambitious target to double bilateral trade turnover in the coming years. Under Tokayev's guidance, Kazakhstan has emerged as China’s primary trade partner within Central Asia, actively engaging in strategic projects across energy, agriculture, and infrastructure, including significant involvement in the development of theMiddle Corridor — a crucial trade route connecting China with European markets.
In 2023,visa-free travel arrangements between Kazakhstan and China were expanded to facilitate tourism and strengthen cultural exchanges.[334] Additionally, Kazakhstan continues to provide steadfast support for China's regional initiatives, such as theShanghai Cooperation Organization and the BRI. In early 2024, China publicly endorsed Kazakhstan's bid to join theBRICS economic bloc, signaling recognition of Kazakhstan's rising international profile and the deepening of its strategic partnership with China.[335]
Tokayev with U.S. PresidentDonald Trump, 6 November 2025
Tokayev has sought to strengthen Kazakhstan's ties with the United States, emphasizing a "friendly and predictable" relationship.[336] Tokayev highlighted the importance of expanding economic and business relations with the US, particularly in energy, agriculture, and IT sectors, during his September 2022 visit toNew York City.[337]
In February 2023, Tokayev met with US Secretary of StateAntony Blinken, where he thanked the United States for its support of Kazakhstan's territorial integrity following the2022 unrest.[338][339] Later in August 2023, he met with US SenatorGary Peters, reaffirming Kazakhstan's commitment to the US as a strategic partner, particularly in areas like nuclear non-proliferation and global security.[340]
On 19 September 2023, during the first-ever U.S. presidential hostedC5+1 summit, Tokayev met U.S. PresidentJoe Biden. He emphasized the importance of the U.S.'s security guarantees for Central Asia and Kazakhstan's nuclear-free stance, underscoring the region's role in global efforts to prevent nuclear weapons proliferation.[341]
In response to US PresidentDonald Trump's decision in July 2025 toimpose 25% reciprocal tariffs on Kazakh goods—excluding key exports such as oil, uranium, and rare metals—Tokayev expressed Kazakhstan's commitment to constructive dialogue and voiced confidence in the possibility of reaching a mutually beneficial resolution with Washington.[342][343]
Tokayev is described as a "moderate conservative" with years of political experience domestically and internationally.[344] Nevertheless, in an interview withThe Wall Street Journal, Tokayev referred himself as a "reformer", stressing that without political reforms, there wouldn't be progress in economic reforms.[345]
According toThe Diplomat, Tokayev's political capital was seen to not extend beyond the support by Nazarbayev, which enabled him to garner support and trust from business elites, civil servants, and political institutions.[346] Because of that, Tokayev has been described as "Nazarbayev's political birthchild",[347] while his opponents and critics referred him as "furniture" (Russian: мебель,mebel), a ridicule term first coined by exiled Kazakh businessmanMukhtar Ablyazov in 2019.[348][349]
Tokayev expressed his point of view on the political system of Kazakhstan in which he favoured a "strong President, authoritative Parliament, accountable Government."[350]
In 2005, at the business conference of the Asian Society held inAlmaty, Tokayev clashed withGeorge Soros after his remarks about Kazakhstan sliding towardsauthoritarianism, calling it "unreasonable to demand from a country that recently celebrated its 13th anniversary to achieve the democratic values inherent in states with centuries-old traditions of building a free society."[18]
Tokayev expressed support for the tackling ofclimate change, calling it "urgent and existential."[351] At the Climate Ambitions Summit in which was held remotely on 12 December 2020, Tokayev pledged for Kazakhstan to reach carbon neutrality by 2060 with a development and adoption of a long-term development strategy to lower emissions and de-carbonisation of the economy. He said that Kazakhstan is "highlyvulnerable to climate change as a landlocked and developing state" with a heavy reliance on fossil fuels and proposed for the planting for two billion trees within the country in order increase carbon absorption and curb looming desertification problems.[351]
Tokayev described his vision regarding corruption, calling it a "direct damage to national security" and advocated for the need of accountability for implementation of state programs and the use of budget funds byäkıms.[352] On 28 November 2019, he signed the "On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Civil Service and Anti-Corruption Issues" law into place, which obliged government ministers and äkıms to resign if the top officials within institutions are found guilty of corruption.[353][354]
At the Forum of Muslim Scientists of Eurasia which was held inAstana in March 2018, Tokayev addressed the audience the need for the country to have "enlightened Islam" by strengthening science and cultural traditions in the Islamic civilization.[356]
As a foreign minister, Tokayev visitedBerlin, Germany on 3–4 October 2006, where he addressed theEuropean Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee on 3 October in an attempt to gain support amongst members of theOrganization for Security and Cooperation in Europe for Kazakhstan's bid to lead the organisation in 2009. In his address he discussed the "fierce" competition between theEuropean Union, China, and India to secure energy sources, saying that Kazakhstan is "one of the very few countries capable of boosting itsoil production and thus becoming an important alternative energy supplier to global and European markets." He expressed interest in theBurgas-Alexandroupoli andOdesa-Brody-Gdansk pipeline projects, asking the EU for $80 billion in investment from 2006 to 2021. Tokayev criticisedLithuania for opposing a Russian offer for itsMažeikių oil refinery. He also reaffirmed Kazakhstan's desire to join theEuropean Neighbourhood Policy. Tokayev also rejected the proposed construction of theTrans-Caspian Gas Pipeline toAzerbaijan, in which the EU officials desired due to the likelihood of opposition from other nations bordering theCaspian Sea.[357]Gernot Erler, an official in theGerman Federal Foreign Office, announced his support for Kazakhstan leading theOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) for 2009. Portuguese Socialist MPAna Gomes said to Tokayev, "Minister, you're bidding for the presidency of the OSCE. Yet, the OSCE gave a report on your last elections, on the observation of the elections, which said they failed to meet international standards for genuine elections in many important points. And we hear about political dissent being crushed, we hear even about religious groups being crushed." Tokayev replied that political opposition forces in Kazakhstan "cannot challenge the government" because of their own weaknesses, and that Kazakhstanis need to be "educated" aboutdemocracy because the concept is foreign, and the government considersreligious tolerance a priority. He criticized the OSCE's election report for "technical irregularities" and biased targeting while calling for more of a "mutual understanding." He further stated that his government believes it would "contribute a lot as a representative, as a country which is located inCentral Asia. The geographical dimension of the OSCE has changed [since Kazakhstan joined], this is a unique Eurasian, as well asPan-American organization. So, the leadership, the presidency of this organization also must reflect this unique character, [this] unique dimension of the organization."[357] He cited efforts to reform Kazakhstan's election process that included a "special program" to modernize the system and establishing "party dominance" in theParliament so that "parties [that] win the parliamentary elections, obtain [a] majority in the parliament" and "will be able to establish their own governments." He called creating amulti-party system in Kazakhstan a "huge step forward in the process ofdemocratization."[357]
U.S. Secretary of StateCondoleezza Rice with Tokayev, 25 September 2006
Tokayev met with United States Secretary of StateCondoleezza Rice andBarry Lowenkron, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, on 25 September 2006 in Rice's suite at theWaldorf-Astoria hotel. According to Anne Gearan, a diplomatic writer for theAssociated Press, the U.S. wanted to improve its relations with Kazakhstan. Kazakh oil output was expected to significantly increase, along with otherCentral Asian countries whom were "more authoritarian, too unstable, too poor, or a combination of all three." Prior to her meeting with Tokayev, when Rice was asked whetherhuman rights orenergy "would top the agenda" for the meeting with Tokayev, she refused to answer. TheUnited States State Department released a statement saying the diplomats discussed Kazakhstan's cooperation inAfghanistan andIraq and expressed hope for "a multidimensional relationship with Kazakhstan, which includes U.S. encouragement for continuing reforms."[358]
On February 19, 2025, His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan met with President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev of Kazakhstan in Astana. During their discussions, both leaders agreed to expand mutual investments and enhance trade relations between their countries. President Tokayev congratulated King Abdullah II on the 25th anniversary of his reign, commending his efforts in promoting sustainable growth and elevating Jordan's international standing.
His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan meeting with President Tokayev of Kazakhstan
This meeting followed President Tokayev's official visit to Jordan from February 18 to 19, 2025, at the invitation of King Abdullah II. The visit aimed to strengthen cooperation in trade, economic, and cultural-humanitarian sectors. The meeting commenced with President Tokayev extending his congratulations to Abdullah II of Jordan on the occasion of the 25th year of the latter's reign, wishing him continued success in creative initiatives aimed at ensuring sustainable growth and prosperity of the people of Jordan and increasing the authority of the country on the global scene.
The Kazakh President expressed gratitude to the Jordanian leader for his contribution to enhancing friendship and cooperation ties between the two nations.[359]
As president, Tokayev encouraged the Kazakhstani public to learn Kazakh, calling it a "duty of every citizen of Kazakhstan".[360] At the same time, he believed that strengthening the role of the Kazakh language shouldn't infringe on the Russian language, warning that improper handling of the issue would lead to "irreparable consequences" in which he compared to Ukraine that faced interethnic conflicts.[361]
During the 2021State of the Nation Address, Tokayev noted that Russian is an official language within Kazakhstan, adding that its use can't be hindered in accordance with the law. He promised to punish any person practising discrimination on the basis of "linguistic and national grounds", a move that was viewed to have occurred as a result of a backlash by Russian officials after a viral incident onYouTube showing Kostanay native Quat Ahmetov visiting places and forcing employees to speak Kazakh, which led to a series of criminal cases by security agencies and Ahmetov fleeing the country.[362][363]
Tokayev has expressed a conservative stance onLGBTQ. In February 2024, he signed a law preventing LGBTQ individuals from adopting or mentoring orphans.[364]
In 2025, Tokayev criticized the promotion of LGBTQ rights by international organizations, accusing them of interfering in sovereign nations' affairs under the guise of advancing democratic values, while masking financial corruption.[365]
In the same year,Parliament of Kazakhstan proposed legislation that would ban "LGBT propaganda"[366] and mirrored the 2013Russian anti-LGBTQ law.[367] Despite concerns by several human rights organizations, includingHuman Rights Watch,[368] the draft law was approved byMäjilis in November 2025. It officially plans to ban "information containing propaganda of pedophilia and/or non-traditional sexual orientation in public spaces, as well as in the media".[367]
Tokayev has had a nuanced stance onnationalism. Initially, he expressed concern about nationalism becoming a dominant global force, particularly after the2016 United States presidential election and the rise of leaders likeDonald Trump.[369] He criticized nationalism for exacerbating tensions between nations, particularly during theCOVID-19 pandemic, and warned it could undermine global cooperation and provoke conflict and economic losses, especially for countries like Kazakhstan.[370]
However, more recently, Tokayev has acknowledged the growing relevance ofstate nationalism, seeing it as a moral response to the diminishing influence ofglobalism and a key driver in the struggle for global spheres of influence by thedeep state.[365]
Now divorced, Tokayev was married toNadezhda Tokayeva, with whom he had one son.[389] It is presumed that they divorced in March 2019, the time when the divorce was made official and Tokayev stopped wearing hiswedding ring.[1] His son Timur (born in 1984) is an oil entrepreneur who currently resides inGeneva, Switzerland.[390][391] His brother-in-lawTemirtai Izbastin (married to Tokayev's sister Karlygash Izbastina) is currently Kazakhstan's Ambassador toBulgaria.[392] Tokayev is apolyglot, fluent in Kazakh, Russian, English, Chinese and French.[393]
Tokayev was president of theTable Tennis Federation of Kazakhstan for 13 years.[389] In 2025, he was awarded a ninth-degreeblack belt intaekwondo by World Taekwondo presidentChungwon Choue during theKazakhstan Open in Astana, reflecting his long-standing interest in the sports.[394]
Tokayev has made it a point not to mark his birthday with celebrations, with his press secretary saying in 2020 that he "does not like to celebrate this day because his family has never celebrated the birthdays of either the children or parents".[395]
Tokayev had authored some ten books as of 2024, mostly on the subject ofinternational relations, includingOvercoming about his diplomatic service published in 2003.[396]
^"Улица Токаева. Аул детства нового Президента" [Tokayev Street. The Childhood Village of the New President].Tengrinews.kz (in Russian). 23 March 2019.Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved29 December 2021.
^"Касымжомарт Токаев единогласно избран спикером сената PК" [Kassym-Jomart Tokayev unanimously elected Speaker of the Senate of the Republic of Kazakhstan].www.forbes.kz (in Kazakh). 16 October 2013.Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved16 December 2020.
^abSun, Yi (2024). "Necessitated by Geopolitics: China's Economic and Cultural Initiatives in Central Asia". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment.Leiden University Press.ISBN9789087284411.JSTORjj.15136086.
^Niyazbekov, Nurseit (3 March 2020)."Democracy, the Tokayev Way".thediplomat.com.Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved28 August 2021.
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