| Kortik / Kashtan | |
|---|---|
 A Kortik combat module (missiles absent) | |
| Type | HybridSAM-Gun basedCIWS |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union, Russia |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1989–present[1][2] |
| Used by | SeeOperators |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Developer: KBP (Arkady Shipunov)[1][2] Fire control system:RATEP[1] |
| Designed | Late 1970s–? |
| Manufacturer | Tulamashzavod,RATEP[1][3] |
| Produced | 1989–present |
| Variants | Kortik-M / Kashtan-M[1][2][4] |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 15,500 kg (34,200 lb) (Kashtan)[1] 12,500 kg (27,600 lb) (Kashtan-M)[1] |
| Height | 2,250 mm (89 in) (above deck)[1][2] |
| Shell | HEI-Frag, Frag-T,APDS-T[1][5] |
| Shell weight | 0.39 kg (0.86 lb) (HEIF, FT)[6] 0.30 kg (0.66 lb) (APDS-T)[6] |
| Caliber | 30×165mm AO-18[N 1] |
| Barrels | 2 × 6 (guns); 2 × 4 launch tubes |
| Action | Gas-operatedrotary cannon |
| Rate of fire | Kashtan:[N 2] 9,000 rounds/min (guns)[1] Kashtan-M:[N 2] 1–2 (salvo) missiles per 3–4 sec[1] 10,000 rounds/min (guns)[1][2] |
| Muzzle velocity | 860 m/s (2,800 ft/s) (HEIF, FT)[1] Kashtan-M: 960 m/s (3,100 ft/s) (HEIF, FT)[1][2] 1,100 m/s (3,600 ft/s) (APDS-T)[1][2] |
| Effective firing range | By missiles: Kashtan:[1][2][4] 1,500–8,000 m (4,900–26,200 ft) Kashtan-M:[1][2][4] 1,500–10,000 m (4,900–32,800 ft) By guns: Kashtan:(range, altitude) 500–4,000 m (1,600–13,100 ft),[1][4] 3,000 m (9,800 ft)[1][4] Kashtan-M: 300–5,000 m (980–16,400 ft)[2][4] |
| Feed system | Link-less, helical; 1000 rounds[1][7] |
| Sights | Radar / TV-optical:[4][N 3] 2–3/1 m (6.6–9.8/3.3 ft) accuracy,[1] tracks 6 targets simultaneously[1] |
| Warhead | Continuous-rod w/frag layer[1][2][4] |
Main armament | 8 ×9M311K + 32 missiles[1][N 4][N 5] Kashtan-M: 8 ×9M311-1E + 24 missiles[7][N 4] |
Secondary armament | 2 ×AO-18K autocannon[1] Kashtan-M: 2 ×AO-18KD autocannon[2][4] |
| Flight altitude | 3,500 m (11,500 ft) (Kashtan)[1][2] 6,000 m (20,000 ft) (Kashtan-M)[1][4] |
| Maximum speed | 910 m/s (3,000 ft/s)[1] |
TheKortik (Russian:Кортик, "dirk")close-in weapon system (CIWS) is a modern naval air defence gun-missile system deployed by theRussian Navy. Its export version is known asKashtan (Russian:Каштан, English:Chestnut), with the NATO designationCADS-N-1 Kashtan.[8]
The Kortik is found on the Russian aircraft carrierAdmiral Kuznetsov, theKirov-classbattlecruiser, theNeustrashimy-classfrigate, as well as thePeople's Liberation Army NavySovremenny-class destroyers, and other modern designs. Typically deployed as a combined gun and missile system, it provides defence againstanti-ship missiles,anti-radar missiles and guided bombs. The system can also be employed against fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft or even surface vessels such as fast attack boats or targets on shore.
The Kortik will be replaced in Russian Navy service by thePantsir-M CIWS, which uses similar rotary cannons but different missile and radar systems.[9]
The weapon is a modular system consisting of a command module and typically two combat modules, as in the case of the twoSovremennyy-class destroyersTaizhou (ex-Vnushitelnyy) andNingbo (ex-Vechnyy) in Chinese service, although the number can be as many as 8 in the case ofAdmiral Kuznetsov. The command module detects and tracks threats, distributes targeting data to the combat modules, and interrogates theIFF system of approaching threats. The command module has a 3-D target detection radar, and an all weather multi-band integrated control system. Depending on the number of installed combat modules, the system can engage multiple targets simultaneously.The combat modules automatically track using either radar, an electro-optronic control system (such asFLIRs) or both, and then engages targets with missiles and guns. The combat modules are typically equipped with twoGSh-30K (AO-18K) six-barrel 30 mmrotary cannons, with a link-less feeding mechanism, and two9M311-1 missile launchers equipped with 4 ready-to-fire missiles each and fed by a reloading system storing 32 missiles in ready-to-launch containers.
The guns used in the Kortik are the GSh-30K six-barrel 30 mm rotary cannon. Individually, each GSh-30K has a higher rate of fire compared to guns used by other CIWS such as theGAU-8 on theGoalkeeper and theM61 Vulcan on thePhalanx. Along with a high rate of fire, the fairly heavy round (390 g or 14 oz) used by the Kortik is comparable to theDPU rounds of the GAU-8 Avenger (425 g or 15.0 oz), although the muzzle velocity (and therefore both the kinetic energy and effective range) is slightly lower, partially offsetting the high caliber and rate of fire.
The missiles used in the Kortik are the 9M311, which are also used on the2K22 Tunguska. The 9M311 is an ACLOS guided missile. The warhead weighs 9 kilograms (20 lb) and is either laser or radio fused. The warhead is acontinuous-rod warhead with a steel cubefragmentation layer. The detonation of the warhead will form a complete circle of fragmentation that is 5 meters in radius, and damage or destroy anything in that circle.
The combination of the missiles and guns provides more comprehensive protection when compared to otherCIWS utilising either missiles or guns only. The system's combined kill probability is allegedly 0.96 to 0.99.[1][4]
| Kashtan | Kashtan-M | |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | 15,500 kg (34,200 lb) | 12,500 kg (27,560 lb) |
| Armament | 2 x GSh-6-30 | 2 x GSh-6-30KD |
| Firing Rate | 2 x 4,500 rds/min | 2 x 5,000 rds/min |
| Target Range | 500-4,000m (1,640-13,120 ft) | |
| Effective Range | 500-1,500m (1,640-4,920 ft) | |
| Ammunition Store | 2 x 500 rounds | 2 x 1500 rounds |
| Muzzle Velocity | 860 m/s (2,820 ft/s) | 960–1100 m/s (3,150-3,610 ft/s) |
| Elevation | 3,000 m (9,840 ft) | |
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